Determinantes da renda das famílias rurais em Moçambique entre 2005 e 2008

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Paulo, António Manuel
• Orientador(a): Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
• Banca de defesa: Coelho, Alexandre Bragança , Cirino, Jader Fernandes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Renda rural; Desigualdade; Moçambique
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Rural Income; Inequality; Mozambique
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::CRESCIMENTO, FLUTUACOES E PLANEJAMENTO ECONOMICO::CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONOMICO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/52

In Mozambique, as in other Southern African countries, most of the population lives in rural areas, where agriculture plays a very importante role as source of income and basic foods. The data from 2007 Census indicates that in Mozambique 70.2% of the population lives in rural area and 76% of the labor practice agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining. The third assessment of poverty in Mozambique, based on the Household Budget Survey (IOF), pointed to an increased incidence of poverty in rural areas, from 55.3% to 56.9%, while in the urban area fell from 51.5% to 49.6% between 2002/2003 and 2008/2009. These figures suggest that policies are being implemented in Mozambique have not considered the most important elements that influence the growth of the rural households income. This research analyzes the rural households income in Mozambique between 2004/2005 and 2007/2008, and specifically, describes the distribution of rural households by activity, analyzes the composition and distribution of household income, identifies the factors that influence the individuals participation in different activities, and that influence the household income by activity. Total household income is divided into seven sources: (1) net crop income, (2) gross livestock income, (3) off-farm agricultural wage income, (4) off-farm non-agricultural wage income, (5) off-farm self-employment, resources-extraction income, (6) off-farm selfemployment, net small-business income, and (7) remittance income. This study uses the sustainable livelihoods framework and assets-activities-income approach. Probit model was used to analyze factors influencing individual participation in income generating activities. This model takes into account variables such as individual and family characteristics, access to services and institutions, use of agricultural production technologies, ownership of assets, and the agro-ecological zones of Mozambique, Africa. The analysis of factors that influence the total household income and net crop income are made based on the linear regression model by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). The Tobit model is applied to estimate the income from others sources. Both models consider all the variables included in Probit model, except individual characteristics, since the income analysis is done at the household level. This research uses data from the National Agricultural Survey (TIA) performed by the Ministry of Agriculture of Mozambique in 2005 and 2008. Results indicate that there was a decrease in the total household income concentration between the two periods. The farm income (crop and livestock) has positive effects on household total income inequality, i.e., promoting the farm income growth decreases total income inequality. The incomes inequality from wage labor and self-employment is higher than the agricultural income. The households of lower income strata, the first quartile, have a higher proportion of their income from farm; this means that in years of scant rainfall their total income falls to less than half, even facing food insecurity problems. Special attention should be given to low-income households to improve access to off-farm income sources. Gender relations influence individual s participation in income generating activities and household income level. Men are more likely to participate in wage labor and selfemployment, while women are more likely to participate in farm activities as a main income generation activity. The female-headed households have lower income than male-headed households. Access to rural extension services and credit affects household income, but the households access to these services is still very low in Mozambique. Communication infrastructure and electricity network in the community increase household income, which encourages investment in this sector. As in other studies, results of this one highlight the role of off-farm activities in the household income generation.