Qualidade do solo em sistemas agroflorestais em Alta Floresta MT

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Ademilso Sampaio de
• Orientador(a): Cardoso, Irene Maria
• Banca de defesa: Fávero, Claudenir , Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
• Departamento: Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Sistemas agroflorestais; Amazônia; Qualidade do solo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Agroforestry systems; Amazon; Soil quality
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5528

The objective of the work here presented was to evaluate the soil quality, especially the physical and chemical indicators, in agroforestry (AFs) and monoculture systems, in the station of the Cacao Research Center, Alta Floresta/MT. The studied systems were cocoa (Theobroma cacao), gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium) e cumaru (Dipterix adorata); cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), gliricidia e cumaru; palm (Bactris gassipaes) e; coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre). A near by forest was used as reference. The area of each system was divided in three parts, considered replicate, for the soil sampling, done in three depths 0 - 5 cm, 5 - 20 cm e 20 - 60 cm. In each replicate and in each depth five samples were taken to form one compound sample. The biomass of the trees was calculated using the breast height diameter (bhd). In the soils were analysed the dispersed clay in water, the humidity equivalent, the aggregation stability, the total organic carbon, the total organic matter, the light organic matter, oxidized organic carbon rates, the total soil nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, soil texture, pH, phosphorus (P, available and remained), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), exchangeable aluminium (Al) and aluminium + hydrogen (Al + H). Based on the oxidized organic carbon rates were calculated the index of carbon management (ICM), using for that the index of carbon compartment (ICC), the labiality of carbon (L) and the index of labiality (IL). The carbon on the biomass was higher than on the monoculture systems, which is an indication of the contribution of the AFs on the climate regulation because they increase the carbon sequestration on the biomass. Most of the characteristic analysed did not show differences, probably because of the age of the systems (four years) and the similarity of the systems (AFs and perennial monocultures), however the higher index of carbon management (ICM) was observed on the cocoa AF. In the cocoa AF was also observed higher percentage of aggregates on the 2,0 to 1,0 mm class, which is associated to the increase of ICM. Therefore, the cocoa AF seems to be more stable and sustainable than the other systems and is a promising system for the sustainable use of the soils in the Amazon region. With time it is expected to have higher levels of soil organic matter and light organic matter, which may to distinguish the cupuaçu AF of the other systems.