Efeitos do crescimento e redução da desigualdade de renda na pobreza da Região Nordeste do Brasil - 2003-2008

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Vladimir Faria dos
• Orientador(a): Vieira, Wilson da Cruz
• Banca de defesa: Ney, Marlon Gomes , Toyoshima, Sílvia Harumi , Gomes, Marília Fernandes Maciel
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pobreza; Desigualdade de renda; Nordeste
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Poverty; Income inequality; Northeast
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/140

In the Northeast, a large proportion of the population lives in absolute poverty. The high number of human beings in this situation is closely related to the high degree of inequality in the region since there is more than enough income to eradicate poverty in the country. Although the number of poor and indigent individuals is large, which has been occurring in recent years, particularly since 2003, it is its systematic reduction. This significant decrease could be related both to the growth of personal income as a less unequal distribution, in which the number of poor people there may vary by changes in economic growth and / or the concentration of income. Taking into account that there are two important factors (growth and income redistribution) which can reduce poverty and indigence, this study aimed to investigate, for all states in the Northeast, the contribution of economic growth and personal income inequality to the fall in absolute poverty and examine their main determinants. The theoretical framework is based on two groups of theories: those that focus on the characteristics of workers, and those that emphasize the structure of the labor market. It is possible to classify, within the first group, the theories of human capital and discrimination in the labor market. In the second group are the theories on compensating wage differentials and efficiency wage. As analytical models two methods of decomposition were used, both based on the Shapley value, a solution concept for cooperative games. The first function was to quantify that component (growth or redistribution) was more important in explaining the variation in poverty in the period 2003 to 2008. The second method is based on regression (earnings equation), which aims to measure the contribution of each variable included in the econometric model for income inequality. To compute the levels of inequality three main measures were used namely the Gini index and two indexes of generalized entropy class: Theil-L and Theil-T. The results of the first decomposition showed that the income growth was the component which most explained the fall in poverty from 2003 to 2008. This result was observed in all Northeastern states, both for poverty and for extreme poverty. Paraiba is the only state where the income growth explained fully the fall in the number of poor, since in the period analyzed, there was worsening in the distribution of income. Through the results arising from the decomposition based on regression, it was clear that education and experience were the variables that explained best the income inequality in the Northeast states, which is consistent with the theory of human capital. In addition to human capital variables, those related to gender and color also contributed positively to income inequality, suggesting that the region may have some kind of discrimination in the labor market. Therefore, it was concluded that household income per capita was of utmost importance to the fall in poverty and that education and experience variables were those that contributed most to the high level of inequality in the Northeast states, thus confirming the hypothesis made in this research.