Formulação de condicionadores de solo com propriedades nematicidas

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Everaldo Antonio
• Orientador(a): Ferraz, Silamar
• Banca de defesa: Paula Júnior, Trazilbo José de , Costa, Maurício Dutra
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitopatologia
• Departamento: Etiologia; Epidemiologia; Controle
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Nematóides; Controle biológico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Nematode; Biological control
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1018

The combination of different organic amendments and biocontrol agents can be an alternative to formulate soil conditioners with nematicidal properties. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: a) to study the effect of different organic amendments to control of Meloidogyne javanica; b) to evaluate the potential of nematophagous fungal isolates as biocontrol agents and c) to evaluate the effect of soil conditioners on M. javanica. Soil amendment with ground dried leaves of Vernonia polyanthes, Calotropis procera, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Ricinus communis, Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica, Crotalaria spectabilis or Plectranthus barbatus, at the rate of 5 g/kg of soil, reduced the number of galls of M. javanica in tomato root. The egg number was reduced by the amendments with A. indica, R. communis, C. citratus, C. procera, C. spectabilis and P. barbatus. In other experiment, the egg and gall number was reduced by amendment with 0,5 or 1% w/w of ground seeds of Canavalia ensiformis, while the amendment with 1% castorbean cake reduced the number of galls. Ten isolates of nematophagous fungi (Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium and Pochonia) were studied for their potential to control of M. javanica. Only the isolates I-28, I-29 and I-30 of P. chlamydosporia controlled the nematode, reducing the egg number by 75 to 86%. Finally, the effect of eight potential soil conditioners was studied to control of M. javanica. The conditioners were applied at the rate 30 g/liter soil in 2 L pots. In the first experiment, all the soil conditioners, except the one prepared by mixing of coffee husks and castorbean cake (1A), reduced the number of galls and eggs, with those prepared by mixing of coffee husks, castorbean cake, castor and coleus (P. barbatus) leaves, ground seeds of C. ensiformis and P. chlamydosporia (1D), and those containing coconut fiber, castorbean cake, castor and coleus leaves, ground seeds of C. ensiformis and P. chlamydosporia (2D). In the second experiment, the soil conditioners 1A and 2A (coffee husks and castorbean cake), were compared with the 1D and 2D, however, a talc-based formulation of Bacillus cereus was also added. Except the soil conditioner 2A, the gall and egg number were reduced by other formulations, especially 1D and 2D. The results showed that the soils conditioners 1D and 2D, especially the former, were the most efficient to control of M. javanica, and require detailed studies in the future, to determine proportions the constituents of the formulation and their effects on other nematode species, and on the physical and chemical characteristics of natural soils.