Bactérias ácido láticas autóctones de leite cru e queijo minas frescal: isolamento de culturas bacteriocinogênicas, caracterização da atividade antagonista e identificação molecular

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Ortolani, Maria Beatriz Tassinari
• Orientador(a): Nero, Luís Augusto
• Banca de defesa: Moreira, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo , Carvalho, Antônio Fernandes de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária
• Departamento: Biotecnologia, diagnóstico e controle de doenças; Epidemiologia e controle de qualidade de prod. de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bactérias ácido láticas; Antagonismo; Patógenos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Lactic acid bacteria; Antagonism; Pathogens
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4974

The poor microbiological quality of Brazilian raw milk as a result of poor hygienic conditions usually observed during the production. As consequence, raw milk and dairy products present high levels of hygiene indicators microorganisms, suggesting the presence of pathogens. However, pathogens have low competitive ability, suffering direct interference of the autochthonous microbiota of these products. This interference is confirmed by the low occurrence of pathogens in milk and dairy products with poor microbiological quality. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main member of dairy microbiota that establishes this interference, due their ability of producing several antimicrobial substances, like bacteriocins. Innumerable bacteriocins are described in literature, such as nisin, plantaricin and enterocins, and they are characterized by their antagonistic activity against pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, and they are often used as tools for food safety. The objectives of this study were characterize the microbiota of raw milk and soft cheese, associate the LAB population with other microbiological indicators, detect LAB that present antagonistic activity and characterize their bacteriocinogenic nature, identify the antagonistic cultures by genetic sequencing, and detect the presence of nisin genes. Raw milk samples (n = 36) and raw milk soft cheese (n = 18) were collected in Viçosa region, MG and submitted to microbiological analysis for mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, LAB, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS), Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Considering the LAB enumeration plates, 389 cultures were randomly selected and evaluated to the production of antimicrobial substances against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Lactobacillus sakei, and to the production of bacteriocins against L. monocytogenes. 20 bacteriocinogenic cultures were submitted to enzymatic tests to confirm the protein nature of antagonistic substances, molecular identification by genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The cultures identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were submitted to polymerase chain reaction in order to detect genes related to nisin codification. The analyzed samples presented higher counts of hygiene indicators microorganisms and LAB, low counts of E. coli and CPS, and absence of Salmonella sp. and L. monocytogenes. LAB populations presented high correlation indexes with mesophilic aerobes, suggesting the effective participation of this group in the microbiota of the samples. It was observed high frequencies of samples presenting autochthonous LAB with antagonistic activity against the target microorganisms, except against S. Typhimurium. 58 (14.9%) LAB cultures presented bacteriocinogenic activity against L. monocytogenes. The LAB cultures submitted to enzymatic tests presented distinct patterns of enzymes sensitivity, confirming the bacteriocins production. The bacteriocinogenic cultures were identified as Lb. plantarum (2) and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (18) with genetic similarity to several strains and grouped in distinct phylogenetic groups. Considering the 18 L. lactis subsp. lactis, 7 presented genes related to nisin codification. The obtained results indicate the presence of bacteriocinogenic LAB as natural compounds of raw milk and soft cheese microbiota, presenting antagonistic activity against pathogens. The wide variability genetic and bacteriocins production of these cultures indicate their potential for controlling L. monocytogenes in foods.