Microbioma no trato gastrointestinal de bovino da raça Nelore

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Marcelo Nagem Valério de
• Orientador(a): Moraes, Célia Alencar de
• Banca de defesa: Reis Filho, João Cruz , Helson Mário Martins do Vale (sob Sigilo)
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Microbiologia Agrícola
• Departamento: Associações micorrízicas; Bactérias láticas e probióticos; Biologia molecular de fungos de interesse
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Nelore; Microbioma; Pirossequenciamento; Trato gastrointestinal
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Nelore; Microbiome; Pyrosequencing; Gastrointestinal tract
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::MICROBIOLOGIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1560

The development of new molecular technologies has supported new researches on microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in animals. This work is the first study of associated-microbiota in the GIT of a Brazilian Nelore steer (Bos indicus), which represents over 70 % of the bovine herds in Brazil. A new sampling strategy was developed and allowed the identification of differences in microbial communities along anatomic regions of the GIT, which can be detected even among adjacent segments, as in samples from small and large intestines, and these differences reside in density and structure of communities in the lumen and those mucosa-associated. The characterization of luminal and mucosa-associated microbial populations by PCR-DGGE, sequencing, and RT-PCR demonstrated a segregation of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal populations among sample locations. Pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA in the lumen showed the dominance of sequences related to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in all samples, but a remarkable variation at the family level. Pyrosequencing also suggested that ruminal and fecal microbial communities are not effective proxies for documenting the microbiota found in other sections of the GIT. These results are relevant considering that the microbial diversity and its functionality are involved in host health, but they have not been assessed in microbiological studies of the GIT in bovines. Based in human microbiome studies it is possible to anticipate the relevance of data here presented to studies of animal nutrition, by associating microbiome data with management systems in order to increase animal yield and concomitantly to reduce the pressure for incorporation of new areas for beef production systems in Brazil.