Controle da antracnose na pós-colheita de bananas "nanicão" e "prata" com produtos alternativos aos agrotóxicos convencionais

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Negreiros, Ricardo José Zimmermann de
• Orientador(a): Salomão, Luiz Carlos Chamhum
• Banca de defesa: Venzon, Madelaine , Motoike, Sérgio Yoshimitsu
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Antracnose; Musa spp; Pós-colheita; Óleos essenciais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Anthracnose; Musa spp; After harvest; Essential oils
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4523

Alternatives to conventional pesticides in the control of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae after harvest 'Nanicão' [(Musa spp. (AAA)] and 'Prata' [(Musa spp. (AAB)] bananas were evaluated. Fruits with an average diameter of 36- 40 mm were selected for 'Nanicão' and 32-36 mm for 'Prata'. The fruits of both cultivars were at the pre-climacteric stage, with a peel color index of 1 (peel totally green). The two most inferior and the two most superior hands of the bunches were discarded, using the central hands to standardize the fruits of both cultivars. Hands were subdivided into clusters of three fruits, which were washed in water with 20 mL/L of a neutral detergent to remove the sap. They were then disinfected by immersion for 10 min in aqueous solution of DIPROL I-932 (sodium dichloroisocyanurate - 2.7% active chlorine) 7.4 mg/mL, and packed into plastic boxes. Twenty-four hours after disinfection, the fruits were sprayed with a conidial suspension of C. musae at a concentration of 2.5 x 105 conidia/mL. Inoculated fruits were kept in a moist chamber at 25 ° C for 24 h. After this period, the clusters were sprayed with the alternative products and fungicide. The citric extract 'Biogermex,' neem oil 'Organic Neem' and garlic oil 'Probinatu' at a concentration of 10.0 mL/L x were used on the 'Nanicão'. Chitosan was used at a concentration of 10.0 mg/mL and Tecto® SC fungicide (thiabendazole) at a concentration of 0.65 mL/L. Distilled water was used as a control treatment. The Prata cultivar received the previous treatments plus long pepper oil and clove oil, both at a concentration of 5.0 mL/L. In all treatments, except distilled water, the emulsifier tween 20 was used at a concentration of 8.0 mL/L. In both cultivars, the fruits were kept in an incubator with a temperature of 21 ± 1° C and 80-90% RH. The fruits were evaluated every two days until the point considered limited for commercialization (spoiled fruit). The Nanicão fruits treated with citric biomass had an incidence and severity of anthracnose reduced by 91.67% and 96.05% respectively, and the fruit treated with neem oil had severity reduced by 83.22%, both until 13 days after treatment, compared with the control water. These two products maintained the skin color ofthe 'Nanicão' fruits less yellow to this date, delaying the onset of senescence. The fruits of the Prata cultivar treated with chitosan, neem oil and garlic oil had disease severity reduced in 50.89%, 49.39% and 41.67% respectively, 18 days after treatment, compared to the control water. The garlic oil treatment reduced the incidence of disease in the fruit by 60% within 14 days, compared to the control water. The fungicide thiabendazole was effective in controlling the disease in the 'Prata' cultivar until 10 days after the treatment, keeping this variable at 0%. Thiabendazole reduced the severity by 59.66% in the Prata cultivar in relation to the control water, 18 days after treatments. The alternative products citrus extracts, neem oil, and garlic oil at 10 mL/L, and chitosan at 10 mg/L were the most efficient and can be recommended for use in the postharvest control of anthracnose in bananas.