Índices de nitrogênio na planta e produtividade de tubérculos de batata-semente em sistema hidropônico de três fases

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Silva Filho, Jaime Barros da
• Orientador(a): Fontes, Paulo Cezar Rezende
• Banca de defesa: Moreira, Marialva Alvarenga , Araújo, Roberto Fontes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso embargado
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Solarium tuberosum; Deficiência crônica; Excesso; Nutrição mineral; Solução nutritiva; Dose; Spad; Qualex; Tabela cor; Matéria seca
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Solarium tuberosum, Chronic disability; Excess, Mineral nutrition; Nutrient solution; Dose; Spad; Qualex; Table color; Dry matter
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4561

The aim of this thesis was to characterize, in a three phases hydroponic system using sprout as a propagation material, the effect of nitrogen (N) on the fourth leaf from the apex (MS4F) N content and indicate the possible indexes to be used in the N diagnosis and to prognosis the potato tuber basic seed yield. Additionally, the objective was to determine the N rate to be applied continuously throughout the crop cycle in order to maximize the tuber production. The experiment was conducted in a non-heated greenhouse at the Federal University of Viçosa, located in UTM coordinate plane N = 7703227.057 m, E = 721773.150 m, referenced to the geodetic system WGS84, Zone 23S, with an average elevation of 649 m. The experiment consisted of two phases. The first was up to 21 days after sprout transplanting (DAT). The second, continuously at first, was from 21 to 55 DAT, when the plants were dry, and the tubers were harvest. In the first phase were evaluated four treatments in 12 repetitions in a randomized block design. The treatments were four levels of nitrogen (N): 0, 60, 100 and 200% of the 13.0 mmol L-1 N rate, considered as normal, applied continuously during the cycle. At this stage, measurements were made in the fourth leaf (4F) of the potato plant in order to generate indices of nitrogen. At 21 DAT, indices were evaluated in the plant and in the fourth leaf (4F). The evaluted indices in the plant were: total area of leaves (ATF), the dry mass of root (MSR), stem (MSH), leaves (MSF) and total (MST), number of leaves (NFP) and stem length (CH). In the fourth leaf were determined: area (A4F), thickness (E4F), number of leaflets (NF4F), length between node 4F (CEN), diameter of between node (DEN), dry matter (MS4F), intensity of green in the color table (TC), nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll (ICHL) of flavonols (IFLV), SPAD (IS) and nitrogen content (TN4F). The second phase began immediately after the assessments above mentioned with the treatments being the four previous N rates plus four N combination rates (100-0, 100-30, 100-60 and 100-200%). In the combination, the first rate was used up to 21 DAT and the second one up to the harvest. Thus, in the second phase were evaluated eight treatments, six repetitions in a randomized block design. In this second phase were evaluated: number of tubers (NT) and masses of fresh material (MFTU) and dried tubers (MSTU), root (MSR), stem (MSH) and leaf (MSF). The results were submitted to analysis of variance, regression and Dunnett test at 5% probability. At 21 DAT, the variables were significantly influenced by N rates, except ICHL measured by Dualex®. The characteristic values evaluated at 21 DAT are presented in a table as low, medium, good and great according to the N content in the MS4F due to the chronic deficiency (no N), sub-threshold (60% of the rate considered normal), threshold (100% of the rate considered normal) and without deficiency or excess (optimal dose), respectively. Among the non-destructive characteristics, CEN, DEN, and E4F presented higher coefficient of linear correlation (p<0.01) with the N content in the fourth leaf (TN4F), which can be used in the diagnosis of N status of potato plant. Except for CEN, DEN, CH, TC, E4F, NBI, IFLV and TN4F, there was a significant correlation between NT or MFTU with the other characteristics evaluated at 21 DAT that can be used in predicting the tuber yield. The rate of color intensity in the fourth leaf (TC) correlated significantly with NT, however, there was no significant correlation with MFTU. The SPAD index only significantly correlated with NT. For the purpose of prognosis for both NT and MFTU, it is recommended the index leaflet number in the fourth leaf (NF4F) because it allied two characteristics: non-destructive index and p<0.01. There was significant treatment effects on all variables at harvest. The optimal rate to be applied continuously to maximize of tuber fresh matter mass is 25.8 mmol L-1 N.