Diagnóstico do consumo de água e da geração de efluentes em uma indústria de laticínios e desenvolvimento de um sistema multimídia de apoio

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Danilo José Pereira da
• Orientador(a): Passos, Frederico José Vieira
• Banca de defesa: Braga, José Luis , Andrade, Nélio José de , Silva, Cláudio Mudado , Carvalho, Antônio Fernandes de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Departamento: Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Indústria de laticinios; Consumo de água; Geração de efluentes; Gerenciamento ambiental; Sistema multimídia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Dairy industry; Water consumption; Generation of effluents; Environmental management; Multimedia system
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2847

Reducing, reusing, and recycling are the new trends in the market to management of residues. Both big and small enterprises are fitting themselves to this scenery, labeled by a strict environmental legislation, by the high cost of production and by the competition. In the agricultural industry section is not different. In the sense to contribute to the improvement of environmental management in the micro and small enterprises, the general aim of this work was to make available the knowledge on practices and/ or procedures to reduce the water consumption and generation of residues in micro and small dairy enterprises. An environmental diagnostic was carried out through a survey on the water consumption and generation of effluents in a small dairy industry located in Zona da Mata Mineira. In possession of the diagnostic, an addressed multimedia system was proposed, mainly to the micro and small dairy industries, showing the importance and advantages in doing a preventive control in generation of residues and in the water consumption. Besides that, the proposed multimedia system guides step by step how to implement a reduction in water consumption and in a system of environmental management in the dairy industry. By diagnosing the water consumption and a generation of effluents it was concluded that: I) the production lines of mussarela cheese, frescal cheese and requeijão produce the highest specific organic load (DQO kg/ m3 manipulate milk), due to the immediate discard of whey in the effluent, ii) the lack of standard of the cleaning procedures and lack of awareness and training of the workers regarded to the good environmental practices are critical points in all processecing lines, and it has been notices that an excessive water consumption to an unity with the size of the dairies studied; iii) the coefficients of specific consumption of water ( L of water / L of received milk) in the value of 6.1 to industrial water and 7.0 to the total water (industrial water plus vapor), are higher than the ones found in the literature. Finally, it was identified the implementation of simple measures as the reusing of the whey, the setting of standards for cleaning procedures, the training and awareness of the workers, the preventive maintenance of the equipments and practices of reuse of the water will provide reduction in water consumption and in the volume and in the polluter load of the effluent . Regarding to the developed multimedia system, it is made up of four modules with interconnected information making the understanding easier and giving rapidity on its use. Those modules are the following: System of Environmental Management (SGA), Program of Conservation and Reuse of the Water (PCRA), Characteristics of residues in the Dairy Industry and Manual to implementation of a SGA. The information is organized in items and subitems in each modulo. Besides those modules, the program presents items of support having know more, glossary, legislation, examples of application in the industry and access to the editor of message that allows to communicate with the expert. Accordingly to the appraiser, the proposed multimedia system shows a great potential to be used as support tool in the management of residues and in the reduction of water consumption in the dairy industry. Adjustments, mainly in the navigation tools, in the aesthetics and graphic quality of the environments and interface (colors and images) made the environment more attractive and it will make its utilization by the target public easier.