Produção de energia elétrica a partir de etanol de cana de açúcar com vista a aplicações em comunidades isoladas

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Ramírez, Kattia de Los ángeles Solís
• Orientador(a): Silva, Juarez de Souza e
• Banca de defesa: Donzeles, Sergio Mauricio Lopes , Silva, Jadir Nogueira da , Soares, Sammy Fernandes
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Energia na agricultura; Cana de açúcar
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Energy in agriculture; Sugarcane
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/742

Distillation is to separate the components of a liquid mixture by evaporation and subsequent condensation. The separation is based on the absolute difference in volatilities of the components. The microdistilleries equipment are capable of producing up to 5,000 L of alcohol per day. This study aimed to evaluate technically a distillation column filling in a batch system, using waste of sugarcane aguardiente as a mixture and evaluate the performance of two electricity generator sets, using alcohol as a fuel from fuel station and an alcohol distillery. Also economically evaluate the production of fuel ethanol in microdistilleries, using as raw fermented sugarcane juice and the waste of sugarcane aguardiente and study the use of ethanol from sugarcane in the production of electricity. The technical evaluation of the column was performed with the experimental distillation of waste from sugarcane aguardiente (head and tail) with alcohol levels of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75%. In addition, the temperature was monitored throughout the column and analyzed the specific energy consumption. The column was also analyzed from the theoretical aspect with the calculation of HETP (height equivalent to a theoretical plate), applying the McCabe-Thiele methodology for determining the number of separation stages. Alcohol was sent for analysis at the LEC / UFMG (Testing Laboratory Fuels / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) and analyzed according to the standards of the ANP (National Petroleum Agency). The alcohol obtained was used for the evaluation of two electricity generators by ethanol fuel of 10 and 42 kVA. Moreover, were also evaluated with alcohol from fuel station. Different loads were used in the electricity generators and evaluated fuel consumption, the power generated and efficiency. After an economic analysis was performed of alcohol production in microdistilleries and gave the LCE (levelized cost of electricity). As a result of distillation was not possible to obtain alcohol fuel suitable for marketing in accordance with the standard of the ANP, with the column and used alcohol levels, however, can ensure the alcohol content standard recommended by the ANP is used for initial content exceeding 85%. This may be due to the manual control cooling of the distillation column did not guarantee an efficient operation, but the column can be used to produce alcohol in cooperative system. It was found the general model that describes the behavior of the output flow of the column due to the alcohol content of the initial predistilled in a still pot, alcoholic distillate output, column height and temperature at the exit. It was determined the minimum specific energy consumption required to evaporate the alcohol present in the mixture of pre-distilled. The minimum amount of energy to be supplied to the system to evaporate the ethanol present in the still pot was 2126.20 kJ L- 1 to the mixture with 15% alcohol and 1027.30 kJ L-1 to the mixture of 75% alcohol content. It was determined the optimum height using a stuffing random commercial for different alcohol levels for to obtain ethanol fuel. The minimum height of 2 m was obtained for Pall rings of 25 mm, for an initial alcohol content of 80% was obtained and the maximum height of 6 m to Pall rings of 50 mm to an initial alcohol content of 8%. For the generator 1 the specific fuel consumption was 0.93 L kWh-1 L and 0.90 L kWh-1 and for the generator 2 was 0.62 L kWh-1 and 0.71 L kWh-1, for alcohol from fuel station and farm respectively. Considering the sale price of alcohol equal to R$ 1.50 per liter, as raw material sugarcane juice and a distillery operation of 8 h day-1, the NPVn (Net Present Value) of the investment was R$ 214,569.53, the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of 52.82% and payback of 2.25 years. Using waste from sugarcane aguardiente as raw material, the NPV of the investment was R$ 397,407.17, the IRR of 144.87 and the payback of 0.77 years. In another scenario, it was analyzed the distillery operation with a 16 h per day. It was obtained for the fermented sugarcane juice a NPV of R$ 540,916.99, an IRR of 108.11% and a payback of 1.04 years. To waste from sugarcane aguardiente obtained a NPV of R$ 853,238.91, an IRR of 290.77% and a payback of 0.39 years. It was confirmed in all cases the profitability of the system. The EEC for the two generator sets, using R$ 0.70 as the price per liter of fuel alcohol, was R$ 1.00 per kWh for the generator 1 and R$ 0.95 per kWh, and for the generator 2 was R$ 0.68 per kWh and R$ 0.67 per kWh, for times of amortization of 5 and 10 years, respectively.