Estrutura de mercado e inovação na indústria de produção de sementes de milho, soja e algodão no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Felipe de Figueiredo
• Orientador(a): Braga, Marcelo José
• Banca de defesa: Duarte, Jason de Oliveira , Cunha, Dênis Antônio da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Sementes; Concentração; Inovação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Seeds; Concentration; Innovation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA INDUSTRIAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/58

Throughout the 90's, the seed industry in Brazil has undergone a series of transformations as the creation of the Law on Plant Variety Protection (Lei de Proteção de Cultivares - LPC) and the National Register of Cultivars (RegistroNacinoal de Cultivares - RNC), as well as mergers and acquisitions (M &A ). These changes, alongside the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMs), culminated in the consolidation of the industry, which caused changes in the structure and the way in which research and development (R & D) are performed. In particular, the seed markets of corn, soybeans and cotton have structures at least moderately concentrated with bars to entry, which according to the model of Structure, Conduct and Performance (SCP), can lead to inefficiencies in the market, including on the R & D performed. Moreover, Schumpeter and Arrow argue, from the standpoint of economic progress, the relationship between innovation and market concentration. Given this scenario, the first chapter, for the period between 1999 and 2010, from the model ECD, these markets are investigated under the following aspects: the structure, such as concentration and entry barriers; of conduct, such as innovation and processM&A ; of the regulatory apparatus and public policies, such as the LPC, and performance, as measured from the evolution of prices and the effect of innovations realized. In the second chapter, for the same period, the focus of research is given in the relationship between concentration and innovation from a model that considers innovation as creating or modifying demand. The methods take into account for the relationship between concentration and innovation, instrumental variables - Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). In addition, we seek to investigate, from the method of Least Square Non Linear, such as technological opportunity and appropriability issues - productivity and extent - affect the intensity of research. The data were obtained from the RNC and the superintendents of the Ministries of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. Among the results highlighted that: the seed markets of corn and cotton are highly concentrated, while the soybean is moderately; licensing agreements and technology transfer affected the structure of the expanding market shares of the companies holding the technology and disseminating it in the markets where these companies do not act, there is no consensus on the outcome of the relationship between concentration and innovation, the introduction of GMs has changed the way this relationship occurs, pointing out that corn and cotton, this relationship is reversed and for soybeans is straightforward; public research, as well as public companies, has a positive impact on the intensity of research in the three seed markets, and the RNC has acted as an instrument of protection of innovation and its extension has a negative impact on the three markets, to a lesser extent on the corn.