Resistência da soja à ferrugem-asiática: hibridação, herança e identificação de marcadores microssatélites

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Matsuo, éder
• Orientador(a): Sediyama, Tuneo
• Banca de defesa: Sediyama, Tocio , Vieira, Rogério Faria
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Melhoramento genético; Glycine max; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Marcadores moleculares
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Breeding; Glycine max; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Molecular markers
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1345

Soybean is one of the main tillages in Brazil and Asian rust (ASR) is one of the main soybean‟s disease. Thus, the use of resistant cultivars is a strategy that can be used in the management of this disease in tillages. So, our objective was to analyze the reaction; estimate the number of evaluations needed to determine the difference among tested materials; study the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars in natural conditions of Asian soybean rust (ASR) infection; check the measurement similarity of several soybean characters obtained in two types of experimental parcels; determine the artificial hybridization efficiency between soybeans genitors and different reactions to ASR, considering the crossings times; estimate the heritability, the sorting gain and the average of improved population to characters related to the resistance and phenotypic characters, measured in F2 populations developed from crossings TMG 801 x BRS Valuable RR and TMG 803 x BRS Valuable RR; study F2 population segregation from crossing between TMG 803 and BRS Valuable RR to ASR and identify microsatellite markers related to the resistance gene. Three experiments were conducted at field, one in a greenhouse and other one in a laboratory. Cultivars used were: TMG 801, TMG 803, BRS Valuable RR, Aquamarine RR, UFVS 2010, NK 7059 RR and BRSGO 7560. The results indicated that cultivars TMG 801, TMG 803 and BRSGO 7560 showed resistance reaction to pathogen; four evaluations were sufficient to predict the degree of cultivars resistance; there is genetic variability among cultivars and potential genitors were identified for being used in breeding programs; the area under the rust curve at the most infected leaflet, the number of seeds, the seeds weight and the weight of 100 seeds showed similar results in the experimental parcels (Hill Plot and Row Plot Design); Artificial hybridizations performed, in January, from 10 a.m to 12 p.m., with average relative humidity of 34,1% and average temperature of 38,6°C, were the most efficient, followed by the period from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m., with average relative humidity of 30,7% and an average temperature of 41,7°C; the efficiency of artificial hybridizations was influenced by the difference between the genitors‟ maturity groups and the number of each genitors‟ plant; the heritability magnitude indicated possibility of selection gains and success in the identification of individuals with the lowest percentages of the most infected leaflet‟s infected area and the rust evolution in plant in precocious generations of breeding programs; the heritabilities estimation of days from planting to flowering, plant height at flowering, days from planting to maturity, plant height at maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and seeds weight were higher in crossing TMG 803 X BRS Valuable RR; the largest selection gains predicted were obtained in experiments without pathogen control with fungicides, in crossings TMG 801 x BRS Valuable RR and TMG 803 x BRS Valuable RR; the analysis, in group, of segregation and mapping indicated that the cultivar resistance TMG 803 to ASR is leaded by a gene with complete dominance; the resistance gene in the cultivar TMG 803 was mapped in Rpp4 resistance locus, in the linkage group G, and microsatellite marker sc21_3420 can be indicated for assisted selection of soybean genotypes aiming the introgression of TMG 803 resistance.