Diagnóstico do consumo de água, da geração de efluentes e de resíduos sólidos em um laticínio de pequeno porte

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Vanessa Cristina de
• Orientador(a): Passos, Frederico José Vieira
• Banca de defesa: Chaves, José Benício Paes , Mounteer, Ann Honor
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Departamento: Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Indústria de laticínios; Resíduos; Meio ambiente; Leite
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Dairy industry; Residues; Environment; Milk
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2950

The new trend in the market is to reduce, to reuse and to recycle. Both large and small companies in different industries are adapting to this new scenario. In the interest of contributing to the new scenario, the general objective of this work was to make knowledge available on practices and / or procedures for the reduction of water consumption, the generation of effluents and solid residues from a small business producing dairy products. During the period September 2006 to January 2007, the daily consumption of water was quantified by taking reading from the water meter, and the consumption coefficient was determined and expressed in litres of water per litre of processed milk. There was an estimate of the percentage of lost packing, of the daily mass of lost packing and the loss coefficient was expressed in grams of packing per litre of processed milk. A detailed assessment of the hygiene procedures in the process lines was made in order to verify that the procedures carried out were in agreement with work instructions available for the industry. The procedures for sterilization of equipment were evaluated in each processing line, using the technique of bioluminescence and the pattern count in plates. The production environment was analyzed with relationship to the presence of aerobic mesophile bacteria and fungus spores and yeast cells, using the Merck MAS-100 single stage sampler. The average daily consumption of water was 81.260 litres and the average volume of processed milk was 14.329 litres, resulting in a medium coefficient of consumption of 5,67. It was verified that it would be possible to reduce the consumption of water to 15.400 litres per day, just with the implementation of simple low cost engineering measures together with the standardization of the cleaning procedures, training and the employees' understanding of the need to reuse water. These procedures correspond to a reduction of 19% in the total daily consumption. The packing which has the largest percentile loss (14%) and the largest loss coefficient (0,36 g of packing / litre of milk) is the label used to seal the butter pot, followed by the label that seals the curd pot, with 13% loss and coefficient of 0,15. The method of bioluminescence considered 36% of the surfaces in satisfactory hygienic state, 36% in suspect conditions and 28% in unsatisfactory hygienic conditions when related to the sterilization procedure. The microbial count detected 27% of the surfaces in satisfactory hygienic conditions, considering the recommendation of APHA and the recommendation of 64% of WHO. Of the analyzed environments, 33% of them obtained counts for aerobic mesophile above 90 UFC·m-3 and 67% obtained counts for fungus spores and yeast cells above that value, evidence of a larger presence of fungus and yeasts in the air of the processing environment. With the complete data in hand, an educational program was proposed addressed mainly to the small and medium companies in the dairy products sector, showing the importance and the advantages of using preventative control of effluent generation and reducing the water consumption.