Variáveis de projeto, operação de sistemas de leiras estáticas aeradas e qualidade do composto produzido com carcaças de aves mortas

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Paiva, Ed Carlo Rosa
• Orientador(a): Matos, Antonio Teixeira de
• Banca de defesa: Magalhães, Marcos Alves de , Monaco, Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo , Azevedo, Mônica de Abreu
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Leiras estáticas; Carcaças de aves mortas; Composto orgânico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Static piles; Carcasses of dead birds; Organic compost
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/699

The objective of this paper seek adequacy of the Aerated Static Piles (ASP) for composting of dead birds. It was intended with this work, set some variables operating system insufflation/suction to perform the process. Besides studying the influence of the operating system and intermittent inflation/suction temperature of the composting mass, water content and C:N ratio of the material during the composting period, to quantify the volume and frequency required in the replacement of water in the material for the realization of composting, to assess possible changes in pressure drop and air flow in the mass of composting material, evaluate the sanitary quality and chemistry of the organic compost produced from carcasses of dead birds, operated under different operating times flashing and the system of inflation/suction. Were set up three piles of approximately trapezoidal in shape, whose dimensions were 2.5 m larger base, 1 m smaller base and 1.20 m high. The treatments were constituted by the difference in how to operate the aeration system of piles, being established following operating conditions: The ASP A: an operating period of approximately 3 days or twice a week with inflation and after, for the same period with suction. ASP B: the period of inflation and suction was 5 days; ASP C: the period of inflation and suction was 7 days. For each treatment, the fan turned on automatically whenever the temperature of the mass center reached 65oC, remaining on until the temperature reduced to 55oC. In parallel, a test was conducted with the prototype to evaluate the loss of pressure in the air to pass through the composting material at different thicknesses and different stages of biochemical degradation. The parameters monitored throughout the process were: temperature, C:N ratio, volatile solids (VS), pH, water content and CEC. To evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment were evaluated to reduce the VS and the ratio CEC/TOC ≥ 1.7 (degree of stabilization of organic matter) and elimination of Salmonella and fecal coliform reduction (sanitization of the compost). The loss of pressure measured in the piles varied throughout the composting process, as well as the flow of air. Being that for the latter, we observed variations for different regions within the same pile. These variations was attributed to differences in physical characteristics of the mass as water content and layer thickness, as well as chemical characteristics of volatile solids. The volume of water consumed in each treatment was 209, 202 and 159 liters for the ASP A, B and C, respectively. Reductions in average global SV were respectively 20.0%, 22.9% and 23.3% for material from the ASP A, B and C, and is not verified statistically by Tukey test average the 5% probability in the three treatments. The relationship CEC/TOC in all treatments was higher than 9, and at the beginning of aeration was around 3.5. Based on the results obtained showed that: The intermittent air flow direction can be highly beneficial to the composting process, both in terms of degradation of organic matter and sanitation. We observed different water demands for restoration of water content deemed appropriate, and the frequency of correction of water content in the furrows was about 8, 9 and 10 days for the ASP A, B and C, respectively, in the analysis of pressure drop and the flow of air along the compost was found that both variables are strongly influenced by water content in the material, in addition, it was found that the loss of material with reduced load on the stage of material degradation; the sanitary quality of the final product after 49 days of treatment was satisfactory in all treatments, the reduction of volatile solids, the values of CEC and the relationship of CEC/TOC, the concentration nitrogen and pH of the final product of all the treatments were satisfactory, considering its application to the soil, organic material of the ASP C had lower water consumption and lower demand for fan power, and greater operational ease, and variables quality assessment in terms of its stabilization and health aspects similar to those obtained in the other treatments.