Surfactina desidratada como agente potencializador da biorremediação de solos contaminados com petróleo

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Gonzaga, Lívia Vieira
• Orientador(a): Tótola, Marcos Rogério
• Banca de defesa: Borges, Arnaldo Chaer
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola
• Departamento: Associações micorrízicas; Bactérias láticas e probióticos; Biologia molecular de fungos de interesse
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biossurfactantes; Biorremediação; Petróleo; Microbiologia agrícola; Bacillus subtills
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Biosurfactants; Bioremediation; Oil; Agricultural Microbiology; Bacillus subtilis
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::MICROBIOLOGIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5369

The effectiveness of spray dried surfactin, produced from a culture of Bacillus subtilis 4914 strain, was evaluated in microcosms containing sandy clay loam soil (SCL) or clayey soil (CLA) contaminated with petroleum. The highest respiratory rates in the microcosms additioned of petroleum demonstrated that oil was utilized as carbon source for microbiota in the microcosms of both soils. Maltodextrin, utilized as a drying adjuvants in the preparation of spray dried surfactin, was also utilized as a source of carbon and energy. The means of accumulated CO2 during the decline phase of the respiration rate shared by all microcosms of a same soil type, ranged from 47,6 to 137,7 μmol g-1 for SCL soil and from 37,5 to 98,5 μmol g-1 for CLA soil. The removal of TPH ranged from 19,6 to 38,4 % and from 62,6 to 73,2 % for the SCL and CLA soils, respectively. Surfactin in its two forms (in liquid solution and dried) influenced positively the degradation of the TPH in the SCL and CLA soils and in late phase of bioremediation. Maltodextrin did not interfere in the degradation of TPH. The lowest values of residual TPH in microcosms assembled with CLA soil were attributed to the highest microbial activity and biomass. The microbial community dynamics was studied by T-RFLP multiplex analysis of the groups Bacteria, Fungi e Archaea. The results demonstrated the occurrence of negative impact of oil on the microbial communities of all microcosms of both soil types, in the beginning of incubation period, and recovery of the community structure in subsequent times. The fungal community showed highest values of Shannon-Weaver index (H ), Simpson index (D) and Richness (S), followed by the Bacteria. In conclusion, spray dried surfactin favors the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils.