Utilização de micro-organismos eficazes (EM) no processo de compostagem

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Paredes Filho, Mário Viana
• Orientador(a): Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Roberta Bessa Veloso , Calheiros, Herlane Costa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Mestrado em Sistemas de Produção na Agropecuária
• Departamento: Ciências Agrárias
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: resíduos; tratamento; micro-organismos regenerativos; composto orgânico; legislação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: waste; treatment; regenerative microorganisms; organic compound; legislation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/13

The waste without proper treatment constitute an environmental problem and its management should be conducted appropriately, either it be for its final disposal or recycling. Among the conventional alternatives to the waste treatment are the landfill, incineration, use of biodigesters and composting. The composting is a controlled aerobic decomposition process, where through this, we obtain a final product stable, sanitized, rich in humic compounds and whose use in soil offer no hazard to the environment and public health. The efficiency of the composting process is directly related to techniques that can provide great conditions in wich the microorganisms can multiply and work in the degradation of organic matter, such as the use of effective microorganisms (EM). This present study had as aimed to evaluate the reduction of the period of composting and the influence of the use of effective microorganisms in compost quality of the organic compound. The work was developed in the composting plant called Nutriorg Manufacture of Organic Fertilizers LTDA, located in São Sebastião da Bela Vista, MG, from March 2013 to July 2013. The preparation of the EM was performed using 4 m3 yogurt, 40 kg of wheat flour, 30 kg of sugar, 0,2 kg of bread yeast and 1 m3 of water. 5 windrows without EM where the same presented 1.5 m in height, 3m of base and 100 m of length, resulting in a volume of 225 m3. For the application of the EM in the windrows, the same was previously diluted in a proportion of 1:20, where it was applied in approximately 110 tons of waste mass. The collected data were subjected to Student's t test at the level of 5% significance to compare the averages of the obtained samples in the samples without and with EM, where the physical and chemical parameters were evaluated. Also were evaluated samples without and with EM to the biological agents and heavy metals to determine the quality of the compost produced. That was proved the reduction in the period of composting through the framing elements of CTC, pH and C / N ratio, indicating if the decomposition of organic matter reached desirable levels to be accorded to the status of the compound and for the "hand test". The performed statistical analyzes indicated a non-significant (P> 0.05) for the physico-chemical parameters without and with EM. Regarding biological agents and heavy metals, the same fell into the legislation and there was a significant reduction in the parameters of the compound with the use of EM. It is concluded that EM reduced composting period, however the effect was not justified the use of effective microorganisms in the composting process because without the compound EM, it was observed that the concentration of nutrients in the compound with EM were similar.