O impacto de traços resilientes e fatores psicossociais na trajetória de saúde mental de jovens da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Zayat, Suzana Pessoa Guerra
• Orientador(a): Paula, Cristiane Silvestre de
• Banca de defesa: Teixeira, Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , Ribeiro, Wagner Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: resiliência; saúde mental; adolescência; fatores de risco; práticas parentais
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA::MEDICINA PREVENTIVA
• Link de acesso: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/22719

Studies point out high rates of Mental Health Problems (MHP) among children/ adolescents (10-20%), as well their deleterious effects on the individuals’ life course trajectories. Resilience has been defined as the capacity of not developing MHP after being exposed to potentially adverse experiences. The objective of this study was to verify factors involved in the resilience among adolescents in the city of Itaboraí-RJ after exposure to violence and/or stressful life events. Two-phase cohort epidemiological study (interval of 12-16 months). Secundary data of a larger project were analyzed in the present study. The largest study had a representative sample of 680 adolescents (11-15 years old) in phase 1. Of these, 232 were eligible for the present study because they did not have MHP and were exposed to violence and/or stressful events in phase 1. Measures were collected through structured questionnaires/ standardized instruments, including: mental health of the adolescents, parenting practices, sociodemographic data and risk factors [exposure to violence/ stressful events, presence of maternal MHP, low socioeconomic level (SEL)]. All the sample's adolescents were exposed to violence and/or stressful life events in phase 1; those who did not developed MHP in stage 2 were considered resilient. For the statistical analysis bivariate and multivariate models (negative binomial regression) were conducted. Of the 232 participants in phase 1, 190 pairs of mothers and adolescents were found in phase 2 (18% loss). Incidence of MHP among the adolescents was of 12.6%. In the bivariate analysis it was found that being of the male gender; older (13-15 years old), belonging to a family with a higher socioeconomic level (A-B classes); paternal presence at home and absence of maternal MHP played a role of protective factors for the adolescents’ mental health. In contrast, overprotective parenting practices increased the risk of MHP. Subsequently, an interaction term between maternal MHP and parenting practices of emotional warmth was indentified. Two multivariate models were conducted. In the first, two factors were identified as protective factors for the development of MHP among the adolescents (being of the male gender and belonging to a family with a higher socioeconomic level), while overprotective parenting practices increased the risk of developing MHP throughout the adolescence. In model 2, the interaction term previously mentioned was inserted concurrently with the remainder variables of the first model. This term did not reach statistical significance, but it revealed a trend torward emotional warmth of decreasing the negative impact of the maternal MHP on the mental health of the adolescents. In general, the present study revealed as protective factors being of the male gender and belonging to a family of a higher socioeconomic level, and as risk factors for the incidence of MHP among the adolescents the use of overprotective parenting practices. In addition, it was found that parenting practices of emotional warmth (at homes in which the mothers had MHP) tend to play a protective role against the development of MHP during adolescence, however new studies with bigger samples are necessary to prove these findings.