Simulação de reciclagem de fraldas pós-consumo, esterilizadas por radiação gama

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Cunha, Kátia Lúcia da Silva Gonçalves
• Orientador(a): Pereira, Nilson Casimiro
• Banca de defesa: Terence, Mauro Cesar , Casarin, Suzan Aline
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Engenharia de Materiais
• Departamento: Escola de Engenharia Mackenzie (EE)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: reciclagem; fraldas descartáveis; radiação gama; resíduos sólidos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: recycling; disposable diapers; radiation; solid waste; recycling; disposable diapers; radiation; solid waste
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS
• Link de acesso: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/24220

The growing concern for the environment, driven by the increasing difficulty in depositing waste in landfills, has encouraged the search for alternatives to the waste through recycling. The need to reclaim waste is not new, however, still is given little importance to proper environment dispose of diapers. In Brazil, several materials that could be recycled, are still designated to dumps generating, as well as, an environmental problem, an economic problem. After the implementation of the National Policy on Solid Waste, waste come to be considered good value, when is possible to be reused. Disposable diapers residues in most countries, has the final destination in landfills or incinerators and represent a large portion of the waste. Disposable diapers have a wide variety of natural and synthetic polymeric materials of high quality, which is desirable to reuse the same. The technologies currently known to recycle diapers are not satisfactory, due to the process of implementation issue that, generate large amounts of pollutants and organic waste, high spending of energy, in addition the difficulty in promote an efficient sterilization. This work aimed to research new technologies for the recycling of disposable diapers using radiation as a method for sterilization, also observe the effects of radiation on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological properties of the obtained blends and composites. To develop this work and research of new technologies, was performed the characterization of the components of the disposable diaper, it was obtained and applied artificial solution urine, after were sterilized by gamma radiation, mechanical recycling, development of polymer blends and composites and obtaining and characterization of tests samples. The tests aimed to characterize the components of the disposable diapers and blends and composites obtained. Thermal, morphological, chemical, rheological and mechanical tests were performed. The results showed that irradiation acted differently and in isolation in each component of the disposable diaper in the presence of artificial urine solution, caused significant changes in superabsorbent polymers, improving the mechanical recycling process and enabling cost reduction in same. The recycling of disposable diapers can keep some properties and changing others. It was observed that the absence of the superabsorbent polymer influences to improve, not only the stages of recycling, as well as, in thermal and mechanical properties. It highlights the importance of recycling these materials, now worthless, however, of great environmental impact because of the advantages to providing low weight products, also obtaining economic and environmental advantages.