Presença e permanência do ideário da Cidade-Jardim em São Paulo: o bairro do Pacaembu

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Oswaldo Antônio Ferreira
• Orientador(a): Campos Neto, Candido Malta
• Banca de defesa: Simões Júnior, José Geraldo , Negrelos, Eulália Portela
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• Departamento: Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: urbanismo; Pacaembú (São Paulo)
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: urbanism; Pacaembú (São Paulo)
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO
• Link de acesso: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/25980

The serious issues associated with rapid urbanization, aggravated during the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, that surged initially in large European and North American cities, and later in the largest Latin American centers, encouraged the first urban planners to propose alternatives to growing congestion and poor living conditions in metropolitan centers; those problems that had arisen also motivated those interested in implementing new urban development models and working with the opportunities offered by this situation. In the city of São Paulo, Brazil, Companhia City, a private enterprise founded in 1911-1912 with the purpose of creating middle and upper-class residential neighborhoods in large land tracts acquired in the urban expansion zone recurred to consultants, planners and designers that culminated in the adoption of urban planning standards derived from the experience of the English Garden City movement, with theories and principles discussed and implemented by Ebenezer Howard, Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker, in its commercial development of subdivisions that now lie at the heart of São Paulo, such as Jardim América and Pacaembu. This work deals with the implications of the garden city movement in São Paulo, starting from a historical revision of these theories and realizations, the garden cities of Letchworth and Welwyn, the participation of Unwin and Parker and their role in the design of new neighborhoods by Companhia City in São Paulo from 1915-1917, having as the main object of study the subdivision of Pacaembu, idealized since 1912, with its design delineated by Parker between 1917 and 1919, developed by Companhia City engineer George Dodd and implemented from 1925, complemented by the area of Pacaembuzinho in 1941. The present dissertation clears the main points in the development of Pacaembu in terms of its history and laws, showing the main decision-makers, the evolution of laws regulating new streets and subdivisions (mainly in 1913 and 1923) and of the municipal Building Code (from 1934) related to the proposals, demands and restrictions brought by the garden city / garden suburb model, culminating in the zoning legislation implemented after 1931, highlighting the debate over the commercial nucleus proposed in the late 1940s and the Municipal Law No. 4792 of 1955, which regulated Pacaembu and Pacaembuzinho, deemed to be an important moment, heralding São Paulo's first comprehensive Zoning Law in 1972; the Z1-007, then created for Pacaembu and Pacaembuzinho, and the parts left unprotected, finalizing with the neighborhood s listing as historic patrimony by the State Historic Conservation Council CONDEPHAAT in 1992. The present dissertation was facilitated by the constant research realized at Companhia City, since the 1990s, when the author was a collaborator of this celebrated urbanization enterprise in São Paulo.