Perfil morfoestrutural e produtivo de ovinos do ecótipo berganês

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: MOURA NETO, João Bandeira de
• Orientador(a): RIBEIRO, Maria Norma
• Banca de defesa: BRASIL, Lúcia Helena de Albuquerque, PEREIRA, Luciana Felizardo, BOZZI, Ricardo, PESSOA, Ricardo Alexandre
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Departamento de Zootecnia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Fenótipo; Morfometria; Morfologia; Ovino
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8967

Some genetic groups of sheep in Brazil have not yet been recognized as a “breed”, like the Berganês ecotype. The formation process started more than 30 years ago by small producers, who sought to select rustic and larger carcass animals for meat production, in the municipality of Dormentes, state of Pernambuco. The goal was to characterize the morphostructural and productive profile of sheep of the Berganês ecotype using multivariate analysis. For morphological characterization, 13 characteristics were observed in 448 sheep from five flocks, as well as the morphometric characterization with 16 measurements of 146 adult ewes. The production system was characterized by interviews with 48 Berganês sheep breeders. Thirty quantitative and qualitative variables were evaluated, grouped into five categories: breeder profile, nutritional management, health management, reproductive management and production purpose. The morphological variables were: Uchan = ultraconvex profile of the head; Cchan = convex profile of the head; Cchi = with horn; Schi = without horn; Gr = long ear; Md = medium ear; Pen = drooping ear; Npen = non- dropping ear; Acim = above the eye line; NLin = eye line; Abai = below the eye line; Cbrin = with earring; Sbrin = without earring; Spela = simple coat; Hair = Piebald coat; Bk = black; Bw = brown; Wh = white; Deslã = woolless; Semilã = semiwool; Resqlã = wool vestige; Lpele = smooth skin; Mpele = marbled skin; Cpele = clear skin; Epele = dark skin; Ccasc = clear hoof; Ecasc = dark hoof; Nraja = non-striped hoof; Raja = striped hoof; Morphometric variables were: (CCb = head length; CCh = chamfer length; LC = head width; TO = ear size; LO = ear width; LP = chest width; LG = croup width; LoG = croup length; WC = body length; PT = chest circumference; ATx = chest height; APn = leg height; CP = shin perimeter; AC = wither height and ARS = height of the sacrim); Variables related to the production system were: (IP = breeder age; TRB = Size of the Berganês sheep flock; TROR = Size of the flock of sheep of other breeds; TRBO = Size of the cattle herd; TRCP = Size of the goat herd; TAIM = Size of the property; TACB = Size of the area with Buffel grass; TACAA = Size of the area with caatinga; TASF = Size of the area with forage sorghum; TAMI = Size of the area with corn; FIC = Irrigate crops intended for animal nutrition; FCONF= Performs forage preservation; EUCAA = Uses caatinga at some time of the year; EUCB = Uses Buffel grass at some time of the year; EUSL = Uses silage at some time of the year; EUR = Uses feed at some time of the year; EUSM = Uses mineral salt at some time of the year; PCAP = Keeps the animals trapped in a pig pen or fold; PQTN = Has quarantine facility; FQEA = Destines dead animals for burning or burial; FLD = Makes daily cleaning of animal facilities; PETQ = Has dunghill for handling waste; FV3X = Performs animal deworming 3 times a year; FVRB = Performs prophylactic management with vaccine application; FEMT = Makes a breeding season; FMCT = Performs controlled mating; CM6M = Castrates males at 6 months of age; VPAB = Produces animals for slaughter; VPRC = Sells animals for breeding; VPR = Sells Breed animals). Higher frequencies of medium to long and drooping ears, convex and ultraconvex profile of the head, absence of horns, dark hooves and dark mucous membranes, solid coat color and absence of wool were observed. Correspondence analysis evidenced a reduction from 30 original variables to 19 linear combinations, which explained 71.16% total variation, the first and second dimensions identified explained, respectively, 17.96% and 7.36% total variation. As for morphometry, the difference (P <0.05) Between flocks was identified between the characteristics evaluated, with the exception of LP, LG and AT. It was found that 70.83% producers are less than 50 years old; 77.08% have less than 50 animals in the flock; 89.58% raise sheep of other breeds; 58.33% also raise goats; 54.17% producers also raise cattle; 64.58% have properties with less than 50ha; 91.66% with less than 50ha of Caatinga and Buffel; 75% breeders produce sorghum and 87.5% produce corn; 54.17% use irrigation; 84.42% make silage; 68.75%, 75% and 95.83% use the Caatinga, Buffel grass and provide mineral salt, all year round, respectively; 89.59% supply silage and 68.75% offer feed in the second half of the year; 95.83% trap their animals in folds daily; 56.25% do not quarantine newly acquired animals; 58.33% burn or bury dead animals; 58.33% do daily cleaning of the facilities; 77.08% have no dunghill; 66.67% deworm the flock at least 3 times a year; 91.67% apply vaccine to the flock; 77.08% do not perform a breeding season; 81.25% do not perform controlled mating; 75% castrate at six months of age; 91.67%, 62.50% and 54.17% sell for slaughter, breeding and as breed animals, respectively. Through factor analysis of morphostructural data, it was possible to obtain 03 coefficients that explained 65.34% total data variation. Elements 1 and 2 explained 57.92 total data variation and the variables with the highest eigenvectors were Weight, LGA and PT. Factor 2 (10.41%) had a higher eigenvector for AP, called FACTOR “Height”. The correct classification percentages for flocks 1,2,3,4 and 5 were 79.55%, 75.00%, 62.50%, 84.91% and 82.35%, based on morphostructural variables. In the productive characteristics, 30 factors were generated, however 10 of these elements explained 75.93% total variation. The cluster analysis classified the 48 producers into four groups. The breeders are small scale. However, it is common in these flocks to preserve forage, mainly as silage. The cluster analysis indicated the formation of four groups of breeders with extensive system characteristics. Flocks are interconnected and uniform, however, the phenotypic diversity is preserved, suggesting the existence of genetic variability in the Berganês ecotype.