Ensaios em economia da migra??o : uma an?lise de padr?es migrat?rios no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Ana Carolina Borges Marques
• Orientador(a): Tai, Silvio Hong Tiing
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Economia do Desenvolvimento
• Departamento: Escola de Neg?cios
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Migra??o Internacional; Pr?mio Salarial; Capital Humano; Migra??o Familiar; Rede Social; Fluxos Migrat?rios; Autossele??o; Brasil
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7636

This thesis presents three independent essays in Economics of Migration. At first, the aim is to measure the impact of an international migration experience on wages in the Brazilian labor market in 2010. The estimation becomes more complex due to the various potential selection biases involved. Compare returned migrants to nonmigrant individuals without regard the selection processes involved can generate biased estimates of the impact of the migration experience on wages. The main contribution of this study is to estimate the wage premium for returnees to Brazil considering a triple selection process. I estimated a model of simultaneous equations considering the occupation decision, the decision to participate in the labor market, and the decision to return to the country since the individual had previously emigrated. Even after controlling for potential biases, the results indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant wage premium for the migration experience on wages, indicating that return migration generates benefits to the country by bringing individuals with characteristics valued in the labor market of the country, and, therefore, this population can be a channel of increase of human capital and productivity in Brazil. The second essay analyzes how the human capital and the income of the spouses can be associated to the family migration in Brazil. We used microdata from the 2010 Census to estimate a logit model, where three groups of families are investigated: non-migrants, in-state migrants, and interstate migrants. The causal effect of the variables was not analyzed, but only its association with the probability of family migration. The contribution of the study is empirical; the results show that the fact that the spouses have higher education favors the propensity to migrate, but the employment relationship of the tied spouse (the one whose wage variation does not determine the migration), usually the woman, has a negative association with the probability of migration. When analyzing the income variables, the evidence shows that both a greater income dispersion between the spouses and a higher sum of the spouses' incomes have a positive association with the probability of migration. When comparing only migrant families, the results indicate that the probability of interstate migration is not associated with a higher educational level of the spouses. Finally, the third essay analyzes the role of migration networks in migratory flows in Brazil for different levels of schooling. A network of migrants can be seen as a social network that attracts new migrants because of the network's informational and financial support that can reduce migration costs and facilitate new migration flows. As migration costs are relatively higher for low-skilled individuals, one hypothesis is that migration networks reduce the qualification levels of new migration flows, making negative self-selection more likely. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of migration networks in migratory flows within Brazil. The results show a positive and significant impact of migrant networks on migratory flows of different levels of schooling. In addition, the selection of migrants is also influenced by migrant networks, which particularly attract new low-skilled migrants. The results are robust to various econometric specifications, including the treatment of selection bias and endogeneity.