Efeito do tratamento com o extrato hidro-alcoólico do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) sobre as alterações cardiovasculares em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR)

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Cordeiro, Viviane da Silva Cristino
• Orientador(a): Resende, Angela de Castro
• Banca de defesa: Matsuura, Cristiane , Carvalho, Jorge José de , Brunini, Tatiana Marlowe Cunha
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hipertensão; Açaí; SHR; Disfunção endotelial; Estresse oxidativo; Doenças cardiovasculares
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Hypertension; Açaí; SHR; Endothelial dysfunction; Oxidative stress
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12764

Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide. Studies on the Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí), a typical plant of Brazil, rich in polyphenols, have shown great therapeutic potential against hypertension, since its benefits can be associated with antioxidant action, vasodilator and antihypertensive. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an experimental model used for the study of essential hypertension. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of chronic treatment of hydroalcoholic extract of stone of the açaí (ASE) on hypertension in SHR. For this purpose, SHR and Wistar rats were treated with ASE (200 mg.kg-1.day-) in drinking water, or vehicle, from 21 days to 4 months of age and had their systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured by tail plethysmography. The vasodilatory effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroglycerin (NG) were studied in perfused mesenteric arterial bed (LAM) pre-contracted with norepinephrine. The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonylation and nitrite were evaluated in plasma, LAM, heart and kidney by spectrophotometry. The expression of eNOS and SOD protein were evaluated by western blot and vascular changes by the thickness of the tunica media in aorta. SBP was higher (p <0.05) in SHR, and reduced by treatment with ASE. The reduced vasodilator effect of ACh in SHR was recovered by ASE and of the NG was not different between groups. There was no difference in the levels of glucose and insulin in SHR compared to controls. However, insulin was reduced in the SHR+ASE group. The level of renin was higher in SHR and normalized by the ASE (p <0.05). MDA levels were not different between SHR and controls, however treatment with ASE reduced these levels in kidney samples of SHR (p <0.05). The levels of protein carbonylation were higher in samples of kidney and heart of SHR and the protein damage was reduced by treatment with ASE (p <0.05), with no difference in plasma samples and LAM. The SOD activity was lower in samples of kidney in SHR and increased by treatment with ASE (p <0.05). However, the increased activity of SOD in samples of heart and LAM of SHR was reduced by treatment with ASE, with no difference in plasma. There was no difference in GPx activity in samples of LAM and hearts of different groups, but its activity was increased in kidney of SHR, and ASE treatment normalized this activity. In plasma GPx activity was reduced in SHR and increased by treatment (p <0.05). The CAT enzyme activity was reduced in samples of plasma and kidney of SHR and ASE increased its activity. There was no difference in samples of LAM, but in samples of heart treatment increased the activity of CAT in SHR (p <0.05). In plasma samples, heart and kidney, there was no difference in nitrite levels between different groups, but it was reduced in samples of LAM of SHR and SHR+ASE (p <0.05). The expression of eNOS and SOD protein was increased in SHR (p <0.05) and unchanged by treatment. The SHR exhibited an increase in medial thickness of the aorta which was reduced (p <0.05) by ASE. This study showed that chronic treatment with ASE reduced hypertension in the SHR and prevented the endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. The increase in antioxidant defense and reduction of oxidative damage may contribute to the beneficial effects of ASE. Therefore, we suggest that the ASE can be an important tool for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders associated with essential hypertension.