Efeito do extrato de Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) sobre as alterações renais em animais com hipertensão espontânea associada ao diabetes mellitus do tipo 1

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Cordeiro, Viviane da Silva Cristino
• Orientador(a): Resende, Angela de Castro
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Cláudia Lúcia Martins da , Valença, Samuel dos Santos , Coelho, Marsen Garcia Pinto , Daleprane, Júlio Beltrame
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hipertensão; Diabetes; Estreptozotocina; SHR; Disfunção endotelial; Estresse oxidativo; Euterpe oleracea Mart; Nefropatia diabética; Açaí Uso terapêutico; Diabetes mellitus; Ratos endogâmicos SHR; Endotélio; Nefropatias diabéticas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Hypertension; Diabetes; Streptozotocin; SHR. Endothelial dysfunction; Oxidative stress; Euterpe oleracea Mart; Diabetic nephropathy
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA::FARMACOLOGIA CARDIORENAL
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12684

The coexistence of high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal events, especially nephropathy and its complications. Increasing evidence highlights the central role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular and renal disorders associated with diabetes and hypertension. The hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (ASE), popularly known as acai is a potent vasodilator with antihypertensive and antioxidant actions. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of chronic treatment with ASE in preventing the development of renal functional and structural changes in an experimental model of hypertension associated with DM induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Male Wistar normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of 10 weeks old received an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg kg-1 of STZ (D and DH groups) or vehicle (C and H groups) and then treatment with ASE (200 mg/ kg / day) was performed for 45 days in D (D+ASE) and DH animals (DH+ASE). ASE prevented the increase in systolic blood pressure in D group and decreased in DH. The vasodilator response to ACh was reduced in D, H and HD vs C (p <0.05), and ASE prevented endothelial dysfunction in all groups (p <0.05). ASE decreased plasma renin levels that were higher in group H vs C, as well as immunostaining of renin in the kidney which was higher in D and H compared to C. No further changes were observed in DH group. The increased serum levels of glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TG, and VLDL in D and DH (p <0.05) were significantly reduced by ASE. The levels of creatinine and urea in serum and urine, as well as microalbuminuria and total protein excretion were higher in DH compared to H. The same was observed in D compared to C, with the exception of urinary urea that remained unchanged. All these serum and renal parameters were reduced by the ASE in D and DH groups. Plasma levels of fibrinogen were higher in D and H compared to C, and no further increase was observed in DH. ASE reduced these levels in D and DH. The reduction in the number of glomeruli in DH; the increase of TGF-β1 and collagen IV deposition; the reduction of nephrin and podocin expression and the increase of caspase-3 were prevented by ASE (p <0.05). The serum levels and renal expression of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were higher in D and DH compared to C and H groups and were reduced by treatment with ASE (p <0.05). The increased levels of malondialdehyde, carbonyl and 8-isoprostrane in the kidneys of DH and D were reduced by ASE (p <0.05). The activities of antioxidant enzymes were shown to be reduced in DH and D, and were increased by ASE. The prevention of renal oxidative damage in DH promoted by ASE, correlated with the prevention of increased expression of pro-oxidant enzymes Nox4, gp91 and p47; with the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and nitrite levels, as well as the reduction of iNOS expression in the kidney of the animals. We conclude that treatment with ASE promoted antihypertensive effect and improved renal function and structure by its vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.