Avaliação das emissões e dispersões atmosféricas de aterros de disposição final de resíduos na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Borba, Priscila Falcão de Sá
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Orientador(a): Ritter, Elisabeth
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Clayton Martins da , Alvim, Débora Souza , Monteiro, Veruschka Escarião Dessoles , Bila, Daniele Maia
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental
• Departamento: Centro de Tecnologia e Ciências::Faculdade de Engenharia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Engenharia ambiental; Aterro sanitário; Gases do efeito estufa; Ar – Poluição; Direito ambiental
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Environmental engineering; Landfill; Greenhouse gases; Air - Pollution; Environmental law
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL::CONTROLE DA POLUICAO
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17636

Biogas produced due to waste degradation in landfills, among its components, gases that induce the increase of the greenhouse effect (CH4 and CO2) and potentially toxic gases (VOCs). Thus, the emission through the cover layer has been extensively studied. However, there are few research about dispersion trends of these gases in the atmosphere, in order to assess the concentrations of these pollutants in the surroundings of landfills. For this reason, the present study aims to investigate the atmospheric dispersion of the gases emitted through the intermediate soil cover layer of the Gramacho and the Seropédica landfill, large landfills located in the metropolitan region of Rio de January. For this, samples were collected using a flow chamber, and were analyzed by gas chromatography. The emission rates were analyzed of CH4, CO2 and BTEX for the Seropédica landfill and CH4, CO2, N2O, CO, BTEX and HC (C6 a C12) for the Gramacho landfill. To verify the dispersion, was used the mathematical model AERMOD. The average CH4 emission rate in the ACG was 5,4 times higher and the VOC was 1,33 times higher than that found in the ASS. The existence of cracks in the ASS cover layer caused the maximum GHG and VOC emissions to be higher than those observed in the ACG. The emissions showed that CO2 and CH4 are strongly correlated, however there is no correlation of these gases with all BTEX, indicating that they have different sources and different variables that influence their emission to the atmosphere. The relationships observed between the BTEX indicate a common origin of these compounds. In the ACG, it was also observed that CO and air temperature are correlated with GHGs and HC with BTEX. The dispersion of pollutants showed higher concentrations in the regions around the landfills, mainly in the predominant directions where the winds run. Except for CH4 concentrations, all concentrations obtained with the modeling were below the concentrations of INEA monitoring stations and other surveys that evaluated air quality in Rio de Janeiro. However, was observed that the pollutants emitted in landfills contribute to the increase atmospheric concentrations, demonstrating the importance that emissions through the landfill cover layer are legislated and delimited during and after the landfill operation. This fact becomes even more relevant when analyzing the number of solid waste landfills in the RMRJ.