Estudo fitoquímico e investigação da atividade citotóxica das folhas de Guatteria pogonopus Mart. (Annonaceae)

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Fontes, José Eraldo do Nascimento
• Orientador(a): Costa, Emmanoel Vilaça
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Química
• Palavras-chave em Português: Guatteria pogonopus; Sazonalidade; Química; Essencias e óleos essenciais; Alcalóides; Quimiometria; Annonaceae; Citoquímica; Atividade citotóxica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Alkaloids; Chemistry; Chemometrics; Cytochemistry; Essences and essential oils; Seasonality
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6094

This work describes the results obtained from the phytochemical study, chemometric analysis and activity cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo of the leaves Guatteria pogonopus Mart., a species of Annonaceae that occurs in Sergipe. The leaves were subjected to two processes. In the first, the leaves were conducted extraction and the study of the chemical composition of the essential oil, considering the seasonality effect; in the second, the isolation of fixed compounds was performed on order to identify alkaloids. Both studies were evaluated towards the antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Yields of essential oils ranged from 0.34 % for the month of October/2012 to 0.10 % for the month of September/2012. This variation can be explained by the climate, which the rainfall was higher in September compared to October. This means that the greater the amount of precipitation, reduced yield. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main constituents of the oils in the samples, with the highest concentration in the month of July/2012 (71.93 %). They were identified as á- and â-pinene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene B, ã-patchoulene, spathulenol, á-santalene, (E)-caryophyllene, ã-elemene and globulol. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), both CP1 and CP2 components can explain 90 % of the total variance. It is remarkable that several compounds have focused on the right of the axis of CP1. This phenomenon explains the regularity of the percentage that appears in each month. The ã-patchouleno, spathulenol and bicyclogermacrene compounds protrude to the left of the axis of CP1. Which are the major compounds of the composition of essential oils predominant in all sampling months. In addition to these one can see (E)-caryophyllene and á-santalene, to a lesser prominence this axis. In Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) formed groups because of similarities. The results of the in vitro antitumor activity of essential oil showed pronounced cytotoxic activity against NCI-H358M, PC-3M and OVCAR-8 lines. In vivo study oil was able to inhibit tumor growth, thus indicating that the essential oil has a significant antitumor potential. Phytochemical study the alkaloidal sheets from the fraction of methanol extract was possible to date the isolation of six alkaloids encoded as GP-1 (nornuciferine), GP-2 (isocorydine), GP-3 (mixture of the nornuciferine and anonaine), GP-4 (lisycamine) and GP-5 (liriodinene). The identification of the alkaloids was performed by 1D/2D 1H and 13C NMR, MS and GC/MS, and comparison with authentic standards and literature data. The cytotoxicity assay performed with single concentration in the extracts and fractions (50 mg/ml) and basic substances (25 mg/mL) revealed promising results with minimal inhibition of 50 % of at least one tumor cell lines. Among the extracts, fractions and evaluated substance, the alkaloidal fraction and compounds GP-1 were the most active against strains B16-F10 and HepG2. Because the activities presented and in order to obtain the IC50 for these two samples front lines K562, HL-60 cells and PBMC were also evaluated. Both the alkaloidal fraction and the compound GP-1 showed good results. The results indicated that G. pogonopus is a biologically active cytotoxic properties with promising source of compounds.