Desempenho de novilhas leiteiras alimentadas com farelo de mamona e valor energético do farelo e torta de mamona

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Guimarães, Amanda Vasconcelos
• Orientador(a): Campos, José Maurício de Souza
• Banca de defesa: Lana, Rogério de Paula , Ferreira, Marcelo de Andrade , Valadares, Rilene Ferreira Diniz
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Co-produtores do biodiesel; Ricina; Fêmeas leiteiras em crescimento; Consumo; Disgestibilidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Co-producer of biodiesel; Ricin; Female dairy growth; Intake; Digestibility
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5641

The growing search for alternatives that promote the sustainability of the production unit, defined principally by environmental, economic and social, become targets of current research. The use of biomass as an energy gaining ground in the discussion on developing a more sustainable world energy grid. The growth in the share of biodiesel in the world energy grid has increased the interest in the cultivation and processing of oil, creating opportunities for the production of ruminant by the possibility of using co-products resulting from the extraction of oil from these oil seeds. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a traditional crop of the semi-arid, and is distinguished by the potential to generate employment and income and reduce regional economic disparities through the inclusion of family farmers, especially the North and Northeast of Brazil. This essay was drawn from two experiments. In the first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing the mixture of soybean meal (SBM) + wheat bran (WB) (72.6%: 27.4% dry matter basis) by castor meal treaty (FMT) 0.0, 33.3, 66.7 and 100% dry matter basis of concentrate on intake, digestibility, growth performance and metabolism of nitrogenous (N) in dairy heifers. The inactivation (for denaturation) of the toxin ricin in castor bean meal (FM) was performed using the solution of calcium oxide (sputtered with 90% of total oxide) at a dose of 60 grams of lime per kilogram of FM, in fed basis. We used 20 Holstein heifers were distributed in randomized block design with five replicates, each animal considered an experimental unit and the blocks formed according to the initial weight of animals. The animals received 2 kg of feed at the base of natural matter, which corresponded to the supply of isonitrogenous diets containing 32.48% concentrate (DM basis). We used corn silage as the sole source of roughage. We adopted the following contrasts: linear, quadratic and cubic for the replacement levels of mixed soybean meal and wheat bran by bran castor treaty. The concentration of ricin was reduced FM in 92.6% with alkali treatment (from 1004.6 to 73.9 mg ricin / kg DM bran). The inclusion of castor bean meal treated as a substitute for soybean meal mixture over wheat bran increased the supply of ricin (maximum value of 80.70 mg ricin / day at 100% replacement of the mixture). However, unverified clinical symptoms of ricin poisoning and the effects on serum levels of liver enzymes gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, alanine and aspartate aminotransaminase aminotransaminase (P> 0.05). DM intake and other nutrients, except for non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were not affected (P> 0.05) by substitution, while the consumption of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein as% of body weight (NDFap % BW) increased (P <0.05) from 66.7% substitution of SBM by FT and FMT. The digestibility of all nutrients and consumption of digestible nutrients except EE and CP had negative linear effects (P <0.05) the replacement level of FS and FT by FMT. Despite the reduction in digestible energy intake, efficiency of use of NDT for synthesis of microbial N in the rumen was not affected with the complete replacement of SM by FT and FMT. The average daily gain and body growth were not affected (P> 0.05) by the substitution of FS and FT by FMT. We conclude that the FMT can replace the mixture and FS FT-growing dairy heifers with average daily gain of 800 g / day. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the energy value of the bran and castor bean. To this end, we used eight dairy steers. The experiment was simple reversal, with four replicates. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. Corn silage, bran and castor oil treated castor bean were treated TDN values of 63.36, 41.80 and 41.96, respectively.