Desempenho produtivo de vacas lactantes alimentadas com farelo de mamona tratado com óxido de cálcio

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Juliana Variz da
• Orientador(a): Campos, José Maurício de Souza
• Banca de defesa: Valadares, Rilene Ferreira Diniz , Veloso, Cristina Mattos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Co-produtos do Biodiesel; Ricina; Produção de leite; Torta de mamona
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Sub-products of Biodiesel; Ricin; Milk production; Castor bean
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5633

Biodiesel production growth fostered the interest in cultivation and processing of oil producing plants, opening opportunities to the use of the sub-products of the extraction of oils from the seeds of these plants in the breeding of ruminants. Castor oil plants (Ricinus communis) is a traditional plantation of semi-arid regions of Brazil and is very important in these regions, marginalized from the economic development and that still have strong use of human hand work. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of substitution of soy beans meal (SBM) by unstripped castor seeds meal treated with calcium oxide (CSMT) on ratios 0; 1/3; 2/3 e 1 on dry matter base (DM), over the intake, the digestibility, the performance and metabolism of nitrogen compounds (N) in dairy cows. The inactivation of the ricina toxin (by desnaturation) in the castor seed meal (CSM) was performed using a calcium oxid solution (micro powdered, containing 90% of total oxid), on dose 60 grams of calcium/kg of CSM, based on natural matter. It were used 16 holstein frison, distributed in 4 latin squares 4 x 4, according to the lactation period, balanced by the residual effect. The animals received concentrated feed at a ratio of 1 kg for 3 kg of produced milk, based on natural matter. This corresponded to diets isonitrogened, containing 32,56% of concentrated feed (based on DM). It used corn silage as the unique source of forage. It was used the Williams test to compare the means. The alcalin treatment reduced by 92, 6% the toxin in the CSM (from 1004,6 to 73,59 mg toxin/kg of meal MS). The substitution of SBM by CSMT increased by 32% and 18% respectively, the fractions of undissolvable N in neutral and acid detergents of the diet and increased by 11% and 142% respectively the levels of lignine and cutine. This contributed to increase by 29% the undigestible fraction of the fiber in neutral detergent of the diet. The intake of ricina increased starting from 1/3 of replacement of SBM by CSMT, reaching a maximum level of 0,31 mg of toxin/kg body weight in the diet containing the maximum level of replacement. Despite this, no ricin intoxication clinical symptoms were observed, nor effects (P>0,05) on levels of the hepatic enzymes gamma- glutamialpeptidase, alanine amminotransaminase and aspartate amminotransferase in the serum. The intake of DM, crude protein (CP) and non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) reduced (P<0,05) beginning at 2/3 replacement of SBM by CSM. The intake of neutral deterged fibers corrected by ashes and protein (NDFap) increased (P<0,05) starting from 1/3 replacement of SBM with CSMT. Despite of the digestibility of all components of the diet [with the exception of etereous extract, that increased (P<0,05)] decreased starting from 1/3 replacement, the intake of digestible components, DM, organic matter, CP, NFC, NDFap and total digestible nutrients (TDN) only were reduced starting from 2/3 replacement. Because of the reduction of digestible energy, the synthesis of microbian N reduced (P<0,05) with total replacement of SBM by CSM. The milk production (PL), PL corrected by 3,5% fat, the levels of CP and dry unfatted extract of milk, the daily variation of body weight and the efficiency of utilization of the nutrients for the synthesis of N in milk reduced (P<0,05) starting from 2/3 replacement of SBM by CSMT. The CSMT can replace maximum 1/3 of SBM (5% of diet DM or 0,860 kg of DM/day of CSMT) in dairy cows producing mean 25 kg milk a day.