Adaptabilidade de produção e análise molecular, genealógica e morfológica de cultivares de soja

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Oda, Mário do Carmo
• Orientador(a): Sediyama, Tuneo
• Banca de defesa: Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva , Reis, Múcio Silva , Sakiyama, Ney Sussumu
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Glycine max; Marcadores moleculares; Estabilidade; Adaptabilidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Glycine max; Molecular markers; Stability; Adaptability
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4671

In the improvement programs of soybean the cultivars, before being planted, are evaluated in several places and at least through two years for the decision about its indication be taken. The increases in the registration of new cultivars in Brazil and in the world are obligating researchers to utilize information about the genetic diversity to take the correct decision in its improvement program. This work had as objectives evaluate the stability and adaptability of the yielding of beans of elite s lineages of the Soybean Genetic Improvement Program of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, utilizing different methods of adaptability and stability, quantifying the genetic contribution of old cultivars in recent cultivars which present any ancestry, selecting a set of microsatellites primers capable of differentiate 21 cultivars, obtaining information about the diversity for the utilization in the improvement, performing the association of the estimated diversity based in phenotypic, genealogic and molecular markers information and estimate the genetic distance among the 21 cultivars. The tests about the study of the stability and adaptability were conduced in five different environments and in two agricultural years. The following methodologies were utilized: Ebehart and Russell method, Annicchiarico method, Lin and Binns method, and the centroid method. For the study about diversity it were utilized 21 cultivars from different improvement programs, adapted to different regions of Brazil and of the world and with different periods of planting. A total of 41 micro-satellites markers were utilized in the work. Matrices of dissimilarities utilizing kinship coefficient, phenotypic and molecular values were obtained. For the performing of the grouping analyses it was utilized the UPGMA method and the optimization Tocher method. The cultivars of the semi-late and late maturity groups Monarca, UFV01- 10533486B and UFV99-722F626 were the ones which presented wide adaptability and stability and the cultivars of the late maturity groups UFV99-8552093 and UFV91-651226 were the ones which presented good productivity, adaptability and stability for the environments in general. The 41 microsatellites markers utilized amplified a total of 106 alleles with an average of 2,52 alleles per locus and 37 of these presented itself as polymorphic. The estimative of the information of each microsatellite locus varied from 0 to 0,68 with an average of 0,38. The primers Satt 263, Satt 192, Satt 070 e Sct_189 were the ones which presented a higher polymorphism with 5, 4, 4 and 4 alleles per locus, respectively. The measurements of average dissimilarities of the cultivar pairs obtained by microsatellites markers was of 0,4 to 0,6 per coefficient of kinship around 0,8 to 1,0 and per phenotypic characters around 0,2 to 0,4. It was confirmed that within the group of cultivars utilized the genetic variability kept the same throughout almost 40 years of improvement. The combination of the 6 microsatellites primers Satt 192, Satt 263, Satt 070, Satt 100, Sat 108, and Satt 215 was possible differentiate the 21 cultivars. With the analyses of diversity performed it was possible affirm that amongst the cultivars considered as recent there is still a useful genetic variability to the improvement of plants and the cultivar Conquista was the one which presented the highest dissimilarity when combined with others.