Dinâmica e sucessão de um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Peloso, Ricardo Vieira Del
• Orientador(a): Souza, Agostinho Lopes de
• Banca de defesa: Soares, Vicente Paulo , Meira Neto, João Augusto Alves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Ciência Florestal
• Departamento: Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ecologia de paisagem; Fitossociologia; Dinâmica de paisagem; Floresta atlântica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Landscape ecology; Phytosociology; Landscape dynamics; Atlantic forest
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3119

The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the dynamics of the tree stand and the forest cover of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, Atlantic Dominion, Viçosa, MG. The natural succession, the phytosociologial structure and the landscape changes were investigated. The landscape dynamics were analyzed by selected landscape ecology metrics, using aerial and orbital images of the years 1963, 1985, 1998 and 2007 in a geographic information system. The dynamic of the inner forest structures was surveyed by a continuous forest inventory in two blocks of 1 ha each, with use of contiguous plots located at two different in the forest. Site 1 has south-southwest solar exposure and a slope reaching 45º. Site 2 has a north-northeast solar exposure and a slope not reaching 45º. At site 1, four measurements were taken in 1984, 1998, 2003 and 2011, totaling a 27 year monitoring period. At site 2, three measurements were made in 1993, 2004 end 2011, totaling a monitoring period of 18 years. The total species richness at site 1 was 90 in 1984 and 85 in 2011, while at site 2 the number of species maintained at 131 from 1993 to 2011, although the species composition changed. The total tree population increased from 1453 to 1542 individuals between 1984 and 2011 at site 1 and decreased from 1291 to 1273 between 1993 and 2011 at site 2. The predominance of early secondary species was evident at both sites, with 51.1 % of the species at site 1 in 1984 and 52.4 % in 2011 and, at site 2, 43.7 % in 1993 and 45 % in 2011. The proportion of late secondary species was 32.2 % in 1984 and 31 % in 2011 at site 1, and at site 2 was 31.1 % in 1993 and 30.5 % in 2011. The Shannon s diversity index decreased along the monitoring period at site 1, going from 3,15 nats.ind-1 in 1984 e to 2,77 nats.ind-1 in 2011. On the other hand, site 2 was more stable, with a final value of 3,96 nats.ind-1 in 2011, which is about the average value observed in several studies in similar forest type in the Atlantic Dominion. The most important species in the forest, according to importance value, were: Sorocea bomplandii, Anadenanthera peregrina¸ Casearia ulmifolia, Protium warmingiana, Apuleia leiocarpa, Trichilia pallida, Trichilia lepidota, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Allophylus edulis and Prunus sellowii. The species Sorocea bomplandii showed a high importance value of 23.5 % in 2011 at site 1, with a high and rising population during all the monitoring period. The total phytomass volume at site 1 went from 250.208 m³ in 1984 to 344.880 m³ in 2011, with an average periodic growth of 5.671 m³.ha-1.year-1. At site 2, the total phytomass volume went from 180.653 m³ to 333.843 m³ between 1993 and 2011, with an average periodic growth of 9.124 m³.ha-1.year-1. The landscape dynamics analysis shown that site 1 still wasn t part of the forest s core area in 1963 and that site 2 was, which indicates that site 1 has a minor regeneration period compared to site 2, and therefore more stability in all analyzed parameters. The forest cover virtually duplicated, going from 47.13 ha to 93.93 ha between 1963 and 2007. The forest core area, important for the conservation of biological diversity, increased from 27.49 ha in 1963 to 65.51 ha in 2007. Despite the increment in area, the shape of the forest had little change, with the shape index of 1.70 in 1963 and 1.77 in 2007. The results of these work show that a low cost restoration of an Atlantic Forest is possible. In a period of 85 years, since the coffee culture crops were abandoned, to the present day, the forest reached an intermediateadvanced successional stage, with species diversity and forest structures similar to those observed in other studied forests in similar typologies in the Atlantic Forest Biome.