Prospecção de bactérias degradadoras de petróleo e avaliação de potenciais estratégias de biorremediação para a degradação de hidrocarbonetos na Ilha da Trindade

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Edmo Montes
• Orientador(a): Tótola, Marcos Rogério
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Cynthia Canedo da , Cesar, Dionéia Evangelista
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola
• Departamento: Associações micorrízicas; Bactérias láticas e probióticos; Biologia molecular de fungos de interesse
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biorremediação; Petróleo; Ambientes Naturais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Bioremediation; Petroleum; Natural Environments
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::MICROBIOLOGIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5372

This study aimed the prospection of bacteria capable of using petroleum hydrocarbons as their source of carbon and energy, and the analysis of the structure and dynamics of the microbial community that colonizes the oil after its scattering in the sea. We used data from T-RFLP multiplex, and simulate and analyze the efficiency of different petroleum bioremediation strategies by Trindade Island s shoreline. For these analyses, an experiment was settled 100 meters away from Turtles Beach, an aluminum rod, measuring 1.5 meters containing 20 acrylic slabs (4 x 3 cm) with a thin petroleum layer over them, was stuck to a fixed float and rested there for 60 days. During this time, triplicates for a posterior extraction of DNA present in the biofilms formed over the oil layer were made. Passed the 60 days, the last 5 slabs were collected with the purpose of isolation in enrichment media, thus, colonies capable of using hydrocarbons as carbon source could be obtained. The biofilm DNA was used in PCR multiplex for the detection of Bacteria, Archaea and fungi and a posterior diversity analysis. Water from the island s shoreline was used in an experiment that simulates different bioremediation strategies: natural attenuation, bioestimulation, bioaugmentation and the mutual use of the last two strategies. The simulation in this experiment was conducted using nutrients, a bacteria previously isolated from the environment Rhodococcus rhodochrous, biosurfactant and crude oil, previously heated up to 210 oC for the elimination of the more volatile compounds. Fifteen isolates capable of growing in media containing hydrocarbon were isolated. The microbial community structure was studied based on Shannon-Weaver's index (H ), Simpson's dominance (D) and Margalef's richness (R). The Bacteria domain showed to be most diversified during the oil colonization. The composition of the microbial community over the oil showed some variation in the in situ experiment during the first 30 days of sea exposition. The addition of nutrients and a biosurfactant generated significant raise in the oil degradation. The treatment that provided the best solution was the one with nutrients, biosurfactant and the inoculum. In conclusion, the biostimulation with nutrients and biosurfactants, along with bioaugmentation with an autochthonous isolated, are recommended bioremediation strategies in case of accidents with oil spills by Trindade Island's coast.