Período de consorciação de lablabe e feijão-de-porco com cafeeiros e trapoeraba

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Cardoso, Rosileyde Gonçalves Siqueira
• Orientador(a): Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
• Banca de defesa: Ferreira, Francisco Affonso , Cecon, Paulo Roberto , Freitas, Gilberto Bernardo de , Araujo, João Batista Silva
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Coffea arábica; Nitrogênio; Adubação verde; Canavalia ensiformis; Dolichos Iablab
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Coffea arabica; Nitrogen; Green manuring; Canavalia ensiformis; Dolichos Iablab
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1214

The high demand for nitrogen by coffee, weed infestation, competition for water, light and nutrients are limiting factors for the success of organic production of agriculture. The fertilizers allowed in this system must have a low N concentration and use of herbicides is limited. One nutritional strategy has been the use of green manures, but it is necessary to synchronize the mineralization and the nutrient demand of the crop. Knowledge about the rate of decomposition and mineralization of nutrients from green manures enables such synchronization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic manure, species and periods of intercropping of green manures on nutrition, the growth and productivity of coffee. In addition, this study aimed to evaluate growth, decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in two species of green manures which were intercropped with coffee for three different periods. Equally important it was to determine the effect of species of green manure and periods of intercropping on the mass accumulation in C. benghalensis and on growth and initial productivity of coffee plants grown in pots. The experiments were conducted at Horta Velha, in the area of Agroecology in the Valley of Agronomy, UFV, Viçosa, MG, during the period between October of 2007 and May of 2011. Experiment 1, of field, was installed in a factorial (2x4), with split plot and subplot formed by fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications, being two intercropping system with coffee (coffee + C. ensiformis and coffee + D. lablab), four periods of intercropping with legumes (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing of legumes) and an additional treatment (without legumes). Experiment 2, decomposition, was installed in factorial (2x3) with split plot and the plots formed by the collection dates (0, 3, 7, 12, 18, 25, 32, 40 and 60 days after legume cut - DALC) in randomized block design with four replications. Experiment 3, in pots, was installed in a factorial (5x4)+1, with five Intercropping between coffee and three different species (coffee + C. ensiformis; coffee + D. lablab; coffee + C. benghalensis; coffee + C. ensiformis + C. benghalensis and coffee + D. lablab + C. benghalensis), four periods of Intercropping (30, 50, 70 e 90 days after sowing species - DAS) and an additional treatment (absolute control, without green manures and C. benghalensis), in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Each plot consisted of a pot, with a coffee plant. In experiment 1, the C. ensiformis surpassed D. lablab in the production of fresh and dry mass, concentration and N accumulation. Which increased the period between legume intercropping coffee and influenced the height and number of nodes of the coffee plants. There was no effect of fertilization, independently of legumes and with the fertilization of 50%. The consortium with D. lablab resulted in greater height of coffee plants. The intercropping with D. lablab resulted in greater canopy diameter of coffee in 2010. In two years of evaluation, there was an increase in diameter and an increase in leaf N concentrations at the end of the reproductive cycle (150 DAS) compared to the beginning of the cycle (30 DAS). At all times consortium; legumes supplied nutritional needs required in the coffee harvest fertilized with 50% dose. The cultivation of green manure C. ensiformis and D. lablab intercropped with coffee plants didn‟t impair the performance of these. Green manures, C. ensiformis and D. lablab complemented the coffee fertilization. In experiment 2, decomposition rate was lower for both species of green manure as cutting was delayed. Nitrogen mineralization of C. ensiformis was slower as the green manure remained in the field. N mineralization was slower than the decomposition mass. N mineralization of C. ensiformis was faster that the D. lablab only when handled at 60 DAS. It presented similarity at 90 and 120 DAS defining that green manures should be planted as soon as possible (early rains) and managed at 90 days after sowing. In experiment 3, the accumulated nitrogen depended directly on the accumulated dry mass handled at 90 days after sowing. When grown in pot, the presence of C. benghalensis together with green manures, D. lablab and C. ensiformis didn't influence the dry matter accumulation in the green manure. C. benghalensis was hampered by higher dry mass of green manures. Green manures reduced C. benghalensis. D. lablab showed to be more effective with that reduction than the C. ensiformis. With the increase of intercropping period C. benghalensis, green manures D. lablab and C. ensiformis, whether alone or associated, reduced the gain on the initial growth of coffee plants in pots. When held the first harvest, there was no effect of species or period of intercropping.