Papel das dietas dissociadas em carboidratos e proteínas na regulação do peso, da composição corporal e dos marcadores de inflamação

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Alves, Raquel Duarte Moreira
• Orientador(a): Bressan, Josefina
• Banca de defesa: Ribeiro, Sônia Machado Rocha , Oliveira, Leandro Licursi de , Mourão, Denise Machado , Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana Miranda
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição
• Departamento: Valor nutricional de alimentos e de dietas; Nutrição nas enfermidades agudas e crônicas não transmis
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Obesidade; Composição corporal; Perda de peso; Síndomre metabólica; Marcadores de Inflamação; Dieta Dissociada
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Obesity; Body composition; Weight loss; Metabolic Síndomre; Markers of Inflammation; Dissociated diet
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2786

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with a low grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome and increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is important to determine which type of energy restrictive diet is the most effective for a weight loss considering its benefits on body composition and metabolic profile of obese people. Little is known about the influence of a dissociated diet on body composition and biomarkers of inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was compare the effects of diets dissociated in carbohydrates and proteins at different meals (lunch and dinner) on weight loss, body composition, inflammatory and metabolic syndrome markers, in overweight and obese men. This study involved 31 healthy men with BMI between 26.5 and 35.2 kg/m2 who were randomized among the three diet groups: control group (GCT), diurnal carbohydrate group (GCD) and nocturnal carbohydrate group (GCN). Volunteers followed for 8 weeks, a hypocaloric diet (restriction of 250 Kcal/day), and normal in proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, which differed only in macronutrient concentration in large meals. It was prescribed a balanced macronutrients lunch and dinner to GCT. GCD received a prescription of a high-carbohydrate (HC)/ low-protein (LP) lunch and a high-protein (HP)/low-carbohydrate (LC) dinner. To GCN it was prescribed a HP/LC lunch and HC/LP dinner. Measurements of weight, anthropometry, and body composition using deuterium isotope (D) were done at the beginning and end of the trial. Also, in these two points, it was evaluated blood concentration of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin and adiponectin. Usual and trial food intake was analyzed by using dietary diary and the overall diet quality was analyzed by using the healthy eating index. All groups significantly reduced weight (GCT: -3.99; GCD: -3.5; GCN: -4.3% of the baseline body weight), with no difference between them. Furthermore, the reduction in waist and hip circumferences and BMI were also significant, but with no difference between groups. Only the GCN and GCD reduced their body fatness (%) (P<0.05) and increased their percentage of fat-free mass (P<0.05). Despite no statistical difference between groups were found the GCT and GCD reduced lean mass (kg) (P>0.05) while the GCN showed an increase in this variable (P>0.05). Such changes occurred without any major change in overall diet quality and distribution of nutrients considering daily total energy intake (VCT) compared to volunteers habitual intake. All volunteers consumed a balanced diet considering macronutrients, with no statistical difference between groups for protein intake per kilogram of body weight per day, and for the percentage of carbohydrates and lipids in relation to VCT. Excluding glucose, insulin and HDL-c, all the others biochemistry variables haven t shown significant changes. There was a significant increase in serum glucose in GCD. In GCT it was observed a significant increase in HDL-c e decrease in serum insulin. An important increase in CRP was verified in GCD, which contributed for highly CVD risk, while in GCN the CRP decreased leading to a reduction in CVD risk. GCT did not change the risk for CVD considering the CRP level. Thus, although the dissociated diet contributes for an improvement in body composition during weight loss in overweight man, carbohydrates should be eaten at dinner since a high-carbohydrate lunch contributes for an elevation in fasting glucose and increases the risk for CVD.