Podridões pós-colheita de morango: etiologia e efeito de produtos alternativos

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Ueder Pedro
• Orientador(a): Zambolim, Laércio
• Banca de defesa: Finger, Fernando Luiz
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitopatologia
• Departamento: Etiologia; Epidemiologia; Controle
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Fungos fitopatogênicos; Silício; Cálcio; Quitosana; Morango
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Phytopathogenic fungi; Silicon; Calcium; Chitosan; Strawberry
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4399

The rot in post-harvest is a major problem in all regions where they cultivate strawberries in the country. Only limited information, regarding the causal agents and management strategies from rot of the field after harvest. Given these facts this study had two objectives: i-identify the pathogens involved in rot, in the post-harvest strawberries and II - study the effect of alternative strategies of control based on application of chitosan, calcium and silicon in the control of postharvest rot. Samples of the 200 fruit were collected monthly in chambers with temperature of 2 ° C over the period march 2009 to february 2010 to identify the pathogens involved in postharvest rots. The experiments to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride, potassium silicate and chitosan to control postharvest decay consisted of 18 treatments combining the products together in pre-harvest and postharvest treatments with chitosan. With the incidence data, was calculated the Area Under the Progress Curve Rot Total (AUPCRT) for Rhizopus stolonifer (AUPCRR) and Botrytis cinerea (AUPCRB). Was identified 14 different fungi causing postharvest rot of strawberry with damage: B. cinerea (36,3%), R. stolonifer (34,9%), G. candidum (31,1%), Pilidium concavum (17,4%), Colletotrichum spp. (13,7%), Pestalotia longisetula (2,3%), A. niger (1,7%), Phoma sp. (2%) e Mucor sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cylindrocladium candelabrum, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. e Aspergillus sp. (2,8%). The fungi G. candidum, P. concavum, C.candelabrum, Penicillium sp., A. niger, Aspergillus sp., Phoma sp., Mucor sp. e Cladosporium sp. were first identified as postharvest pathogens on strawberry in Brazil. The incidence of fungi was variable throughout the year, the most frequent cause rot in strawberry fruits B. cinerea, R. stolonifer and G. candidum, P. concavum and Colletotrichum spp . The damage caused by R. stolonifer and G. candidum were higher during periods of precipitation above 74 mm and an average temperature of 20.1 oC, periods of rainfall below 34 mm and an average temperature of 16.8 oC, the damage of B. cinerea and P. concavum were lower. No effect of applications of calcium, potassium silicate and chitosan in the field, on the production of strawberry plants. There was also no effect of these products in the field on the incidence of post-harvest rots. When stored at a temperature of 2 ° C and subjected to chitosan treatment in postharvest AUPCRT reduced by 91% in the cultivar 'Oso Grande' and 52% in cultivar Camarosa and 91% and 55% of AUPCRB cultivars 'Oso Grande' and Camarosa respectively. When stored at 25 ° C was observed reduction in AUPCRT of 17%, and in AUPCRR of the 44% in the cultivar 'Oso Grande' similar to that observed in Camarosa with reduction of 17.3% and 53% of AUPCRT and AUPCRR. No decrease was observed in AACPPB fruits of both cultivars stored at 25 ° C.