Seleção assistida e diversidade genética de fontes de resistência ao nematóide de cisto da soja

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Santana, Fernanda Abreu
• Orientador(a): Moreira, Maurílio Alves
• Banca de defesa: Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva , Ferreira, Adésio
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Nematóide de cisto da soja; Seleção assistida; Diversidade genética; Fontes de resistência; Marcador molecular
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Soybean cyst nematode; Assisted selection; Genetic diversity; Resistance sources; Molecular marker
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA MOLECULAR E DE MICROORGANISMOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4687

Due to difficulties in the performance of the phenotypic selection for the resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (NCS), the need to implant the marker-assisted selection to this pathogen, and the little knowledge about the genetic diversity of the resistant cultivars developed by the Brazilian breeding programs, the objectives of this work were (1) to use marker-assisted selection strategies to evaluate the efficiency of the selection of the QTL (Quantitative trait loci) near microsatellites of the linkage groups (GL) G and A2 in populations come from the crossing between isolines from the cultivars CD201 and Vmax and (2) to evaluate the genetic diversity in NCS resistant soybean cultivars developed by six Brazilian breeding programs and in sources of resistance to NCS, by means of QTL near microsatellites, which give resistance to the pathogen. As to the first objective, seven F5 populations were selected based on the microsatellite marker polymorphism of GL G and A2. These populations were phenotypically evaluated as to the resistance to the race 3 of the NCS (HG type 5.7). Families F6:7 of the populations selected by the GL A2 were susceptible and those selected by the GL G and A2 achieved four resistant families and four moderately resistant families, thus demonstrating that the QTL of greater effect of the GL A2 is not present in the source of resistance of the present study. The microsatellites of the GL G presented high selection efficiency and can be used with success in the assisted selection for the resistance to race 3 and in populations come from Vmax. As to the second objective, 36 genotypes were used, including Brazilian resistant cultivars and original genotypes (sources of resistance to NCS and the cultivar Lee, used as a standard of susceptibility). 24 QTLs near microsatellites were used of NCS resistance present in the linkage groups G, A2, D2, E, J and M. The genetic diversity of each microsatellite was evaluated by the polymorphism index content (PIC) and by the average dissimilarity of a genotype in relation to the other genotypes evaluated. Genotype grouping analyses were carried out by the Tocher method and graphic dispersion. A total of 77 alleles, with an average of 3.2 alleles per locus, was achieved for the 36 cultivars. The PIC varied from 0.11 to 0.71, with an average of 0.36. A greater number of alleles were found in the original sources, in comparison to the commercial varieties. The GL D2 was very important in the discrimination of genotypes which are resistant and moderately resistant to the race 14. The genetic basis as to the NCS resistance in the commercial variety developed by the Brazilian breeding programs is very narrow, and it is necessary to increase the diversity of the genes used, by introducing different accesses.