Análise dos efeitos da gastrectomia vertical no metabolismo da glicose em ratos Wistar obesos

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Tavella, Rosângela
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Positivo; Brasil; Pós-Graduação; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial; UP
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biotecnologia Industrial; Gastrectomia; Síndrome metabólica; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2264

Obesity is considered a pandemic and is described as a complex metabolic condition that affects individuals of different ages and social class. Morbidities associated with this condition include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemias, coronary vascular disease, cancer, among others. Restrictive techniques such as gastric sleeve have shown in recent years effective results in the treatment of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity, normalizing insulin and glucose levels days after the surgical procedure. This demonstrates that an effective weight loss cannot explain in an isolated way the improvement of diabetes, suggesting that the surgical manipulation of the gastrointestinal anatomy promotes different hormonal changes, which result, among other changes, in the improvement of the uptake of glucose by the target tissues. The mechanism of expression of the hormones involved in glucose metabolism in certain obese animal models after experimental surgery, however, were not fully explained at the cellular level, making it difficult to understand the same process in humans. Therefore, this work aims to (i) review the inflammatory mechanism triggered by obesity in the development of the disease itself and the emergence of insulin resistance and (ii) to analyze the effects of vertical gastrectomy on glucose metabolism in an obese animal model of the plasma and tissue expression of hormones related to glucose homeostasis. Fortyfive male Wistar rats, four weeks old, divided into three groups were used: Group GF (SG) (n = 20), Pair Fed group (PF) (n = 15) and Ad Libitum group (AL) (n = 10). The animals of all the groups were submitted to the induction of experimental obesity through the administration of high fat diet for 26 consecutive weeks. Obtaining the overweight, the animals underwent surgery, subjecting the SG group to vertical gastrectomy while median laparotomy with digital gastric palpation in the other groups. After surgery, glycemia was measured weekly, as well as plasma insulin. Other measures included changes in body weight, food intake and biochemical profile. Target tissues were collected and evaluated for tissue expression of insulin, glucagon, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ᵞ) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) by means of the immunohistochemical technique. The SG group had a 9% reduction in mean body weight, while FP achieved 4% and AL increased 3% after surgery. The glycemic curve, in the preoperative period, presented insulin resistance (<140mg / dL) for the three groups. In the postoperative period, for the SG group, the area under the curve showed a 50% increase, insulin expression increased 142% and 90% in seven and fourteen days, respectively, and there was improvement in the lipid and hepatic profile (p <0 , 01). There was lower expression of GLUT-4 and increase of insulin and glucagon in muscle and IGF-1 in pancreas, all for SG group. The inflammatory infiltration profile of the SG group was similar to the AL group, with improvement only for the PF group.