Influência da dieta hipercalórica materna na gênese de câncer de mama, induzido por dimetilbenzantraceno (DMBA), na prole de ratas Wistar

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Bussyguin, Thaís
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Positivo; Brasil; Pós-Graduação; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial; UP
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biotecnologia; Mamas – câncer; Câncer – Aspectos nutricionais; Alimentos – Teor calórico; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2281

For Brazil, 59,700 new cases of breast cancer are estimated for each year of the 2018-2019 biennium. Breast cancer is the leading type in women preceded only by skin cancers. If the diagnosis and treatment are early, the remission rate is high, but the vast majority have a late diagnosis, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. The breast cancer mortality rate in Brazil was 13.0 / 100,000 women in 2014. It is known that there is a direct correlation between breast cancer and obesity. The incidence of overweight and obesity in the world population has quadrupled in the last three decades; the World Health Organization estimates that there are 1 billion people worldwide who are overweight and 300 million obese. This overweight occurs because of the large increase in the consumption of processed products rich in fats and carbohydrates and lower intake of fruits and vegetables. The influence of food compounds on the formation of processes related to the development of cancer such as angiogenesis, cell differentiation, DNA repair, among others; occur due to gene regulation, in particular the epigenetic mechanisms. Because of this epigenetic influence it is believed that the origin of some cancers such as the breast can be fetal. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of maternal hypercaloric diet on the development of breast cancer in the offspring of Wistar rats. Wistar rats were studied, the maturing rats at 5 weeks of age were divided into two groups: a control group (GCM) fed a standard diet of the vivarium (n = 12) and the second group (GHM) fed a hypercaloric diet = 12). With 24 weeks of life were placed to cross with non-obese males. Of the pups that were born only the females were used, 26 of each group. Weaning was carried out at 5 weeks of age and the females were fed a standard diet of the vivarium and at the 7th week of life were submitted to the dimethylbenzanthracene (cancer inducer) via the gastric probe and were evaluated weekly, and the breasts were evaluated and the tumor masses that developed. After 24 weeks of induction were submitted to euthanasia and collected materials for analysis. Pre malignant histopathological changes in the breasts (carcinoma in situ) were viewed in 53% (9rats) of the offspring of the animals that received a hypercaloric diet and were submitted to DMBA and 6% (1 rat) of the same group presented lobular adenocarcinom. The 17 rats that received a hypercaloric diet, but were not submitted to DMBA presented histopathological alterations such as typical hyperplasia and liposubstitution, without malignant characteristics. The offspring rats of animals receiving a normocaloric diet also did not present lesions with malignant characteristics, even when submitted to DMBA. In the present study, the maternal diet positively influenced the development of morphological changes in the breasts, which may predispose to the development of breast cancer. However, there is still a need to carry out more specific studies to confirm that the hypercaloric maternal diet really influences the development of breast cancer in the offspring.