Sistema penal e psicologia: livre arbítrio e determinismo

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Lourenço, Cláudia Luiz
• Orientador(a): Simonassi, Lorismário Ernesto
• Banca de defesa: Heck, Elisa Tavares Sanabio , Santos, Pedro Sérgio dos , Coelho, Cristiano , Britto, Ilma Aparecida Goulart de Souza
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação STRICTO SENSU em Psicologia
• Departamento: Ciências Humanas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: escolha; comportamento; preferência; reforço; direito
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: choice; behavior; preference; reinforcement; Law
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br/handle/tede/1761

In science explanations, behavior is based on both determinism as in free will. The contrast of these concepts can be studied from behaviors of choice. If all behavior is choice, then the question comes from theoretical to empirical environment. Experiments demonstrate variables responsible for selecting. The general objective of this study was to observe whether human participants are sensitive to manipulation of the probabilities of reinforcement by checking the distribution of responses in the first link consists of two alternatives as well as the distribution of responses in the terminal links, with two or more alternatives, and analyze results from such concepts determinism and free will. Were made seven experiments in which we investigated the influence on the distribution of responses to the manipulation of the following variables: i) delay and probability of reinforcement and ii) delay and the number of stimuli, III) a low level of reinforcement with delay and on the other high probability; IV) probability of reinforcement, delay and number of stimuli, V) delay and probability of reinforcement separately, VI) and different magnitudes equal probability (time) delay; VII) probability of reinforcement and amount of stimuli. Were requested reports on some sessions. Participants were university students aged 18-40 years of both sexes and no experimental history. In the first experiment, four participants were exposed to five experimental phases. The results of Experiment I showed that the effect attributed to the reinforcer, behavioral change was observed in all phases of the experiment. The delay was effective in determining the choice of one of the initial links. In Experiment II, four participants were exposed to five experimental phases. The results of Experiment II showed that a low probability the variation in the number of stimuli in the terminal link produced no preference between the two stimuli in the initial link and demonstrated the efficiency of the delay once again. In Experiment III, four participants were exposed to four experimental phases. The results of Experiment III showed the following variables manipulated in conjunction produced behavioral changes for all participants: Low probability of reinforcement manipulated with the delay, high probability of enhancing handled without delay; aversive combination of variables (low probability of reinforcement - 0.20 - plus the delay of 6 seconds) in a combined stimulus of choice in choosing competitor, with high probability of reinforcement (0.80) in the other stimulus led to exclusive choices (maximizing choices). In Experiment VI, four participants were exposed to four experimental phases. The results of Experiment VI demonstrated that the delay was one of the most important variables in behavior change with the release of reinforcements. In Experiment V, five participants were exposed to seven phases. The results of Experiment V showed that the introduction of delay controlled preference for all the participants, the probability of 0.20 or 0.80. Experiment VI and second participants were exposed to five phases. The results of Experiment VI showed that the manipulated variable produced comportal change and the largest magnitude of the delay is more efficient. In Experiment VII,two participants were exposed to nine experimental phases. The results of Experiment VII showed that the number of variables that determine the behaviors walks to a probable infinity. The set of experiments enabled us to verify that the variables studied the delay was the most effective in changing behavior, and that behavior is determined by several variables. The study proposes that the law considers such determination when drafting the legal standard, an expectation of decreasing undesirable behaviors, such as criminal behavior.