Significações de futuro profissional para estudantes de ensino médio de diferentes classes sociais residentes em municípios com ofertas de formação profissional desiguais

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Perdigão, Solange Alves
• Orientador(a): Ronca, Antonio Carlos Caruso
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação: Psicologia da Educação
• Departamento: Faculdade de Educação
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Desigualdades sociais; Estudantes do ensino médio; Juventude - Orientação profissional
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Social inequalities; High school students; Youth - Vocational guidance
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA DO ENSINO E DA APRENDIZAGEM
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22035

The present research aimed to know the meanings of professional future for young high school students of different social classes residing in brazilian counties with unequal professional formation opportunities. The information was produced in two counties, located in Bahia and São Paulo, from a questionnaire, answered by 53 high school students. Among them, four groups were formed, with four participants each, divided by county and socioeconomic status. These sixteen students participated in focus group encounters, and, among them, eight were also interviewed individually. The group meetings and interviews were recorded in video, audio and later transcribed. The perspective of socio-historical psychology guided our view of the object and our methodological procedures. We used the Aguiar and Ozella approach (2006, 2013) of the nuclei of meaning as a data analysis strategy. Based on the five constituted nuclei, we could conclude that the reproduction of social inequalities was present in each nucleus of meaning analyzed. The expectations for the future, the feelings associated with it, the information they had, the higher education institutions chosen, the obstacles they imagined to face, the strategies for overcoming them, the contribution of school education and family heritages and traditions, all the analyzed aspects were marked by the insertions of young people in different social classes. In both groups of the São Paulo’s county, it was almost unanimous that, through future professional activities, they intervene in the situation of inequality and social exclusion. The two groups of the Bahia’s county had, in their construction of projects of a professional future, to evaluate the possibility of changing to another city or coming and going daily to the neighboring county to carry out the professional formation, not available in the municipality in which they lived. Half of the students in each group decided to move to another city. For all of them, the separation from the family, the challenge of living in a new city and whether or not they can rely on family help, the financial limitations of the poorest families, the shortage of jobs in the county of origin, the possibility of starting professional trajectory in the county in which they wish to remain residing, among others, were aspects considered in the migration decision. Some federal programs of access and permanence in higher education that could be strategically used by students from the poorest groups, such as Prouni, Fies, Pnaes, were almost unknown by them. Based on this study, we reflect on the unequal distribution of higher education in the country as one of the determinants of the construction of the future projects of different brazilian youths. Similarly, we verified that the powerful reproductive mechanisms of socioeconomic inequality, which benefit a small part of the young population while excluding the majority of the working class's youths, also constitute as determinants of this future professional planning. In order to overcome these inequalities, it is essential that society and its representatives prioritize it, especially in the planning of public policies for the future of the country and in the actions resulting therefrom