As tensões na construção discursiva dos direitos humanos: um processo de ressignificação

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Rocco, Ana Carina Viana de Carvalho
• Orientador(a): Bastos, Neusa Maria Oliveira Barbosa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa
• Departamento: Faculdade de Filosofia, Comunicação, Letras e Artes
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Direitos humanos; Tecnodiscurso; Formação discursiva; Polarização; Ressignificação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Techno discourse; Ideological sign; Discursive formation; Polarization; Redefinition
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/36288

Starting from the theoretical-methodological apparatus of Discourse Analysis, but also proposing dialogs with Law, Philosophy of Language, Semantics, Political Science and History, this essay has as its first subject of interest the contribution of Brazilian conservative right-wing discourse – through identity discursive formation and thematic discursive formation – to the manipulation of the meaning of the term “human rights”. At first analysis, it was observed ideology’s role in the construction of discourses, the role of interdiscursivity in building discursive formations and, ultimately, the impact of the term’s perverted use by an influential person – who has occupied the country’s highest administrative position – in a politically polarized context which has radicalized the discourses and favored the realization of cyberviolence in web 2.0. Jair Messias Bolsonaro and his supporters have attained the right to express themselves in a violent and bellicose manner by being recognized as beneficial leaderships. A deeper analysis of the selected corpus – Twitter posts – raised the hypothesis that the term in question has suffered a process of discursive redefinition, since the dispute for meaning was established by a linguistic wound – caused by the progressive agenda of the leftwing which remained in power for fourteen years in a row – followed by a moment of reappropriation – with the election of a president representative of the extreme right-wing – accompanied by a reversal – through the use and dissemination of the term with an excluding meaning – and, eventually, with production of action, in other words, the realization of exclusion with governmental consent. It is worth stressing that in his government plan presented in 2018, Jair Messias Bolsonaro was already promoting segregating bias on the subject, since the single mention of the term affirms that there would be: “a redirecting of human rights policy prioritizing the defense of violence victims”. By verifying that the term has gone through the necessary process to be framed as an object of redefinition, we observed the fulfillment of the seven criteria proposed by Paveau (2019): pragmatic, interactive, discursive, socio-semantic, enunciating, semantic-axiological and pragmatic-political. Therefore, we arrive at the conclusion that the term “human rights” is undergoing a process of redefinition that is not progressive but, according to Bachur, 2019 – conservative and reactionary