Ocupações estudantis: um estudo psicopolítico sobre movimentos paulistas de 2015 e 2016

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Rosa, Leandro Amorim
• Orientador(a): Sandoval, Salvador Antonio Mireles
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Psicologia: Psicologia Social
• Departamento: Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Participação política; Movimentos estudantis; Subjetividade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Political participation; Student movements; Subjectivity
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22216

This work aimed to analyze the process of political praxis of students who participated in school occupations in the state of São Paulo in 2015 and 2016. The occupations of 2015 were in opposition to the proposal of school reorganization elaborated by the state government. The national movement of 2016 had as its main claims the rejection of PEC 241 and the Reform of Secondary Education (MP 746). Horizontal and autonomous forms of organization characterized the occupations. To manage the space, the students organized themselves in commissions: communication, cleaning, food, security, etc. Decisions were taken collectively and there were no established leaderships. The link between formation, cultural and artistic activities was a strong mark of the movement. The research participants are from the cities of São Paulo (SP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Barretos (SP) and Catanduva (SP). The empirical corpus was constructed with nineteen (19) young people who participated in student occupations, in addition to four (4) teachers and one (1) technical administrative officer of IF Catanduva. The occupation of Catanduva (SP) composes most of the corpus. The instruments used in the production of the empirical material were semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participant observations. The analysis of the corpus had political praxis as a structuring category. This category is understood from the articulation between historical-cultural psychology and Gramsci's thought. The articulation between the Gramscian and the Vygotskian references seeks to approach political praxis in a complex way, considering in a non-dichotomous way its macro and microssocial spheres. The analysis of the corpus is organized from three inseparable dimensions: political praxis; power of acting; learning and development. The political praxis of the students touched macro-social levels with regard to some of their final claims, but also acted on micro-social levels. Since the occupations, the rigid hierarchies between teachers and students were questioned; the relations of power within the institutions have changed. Several physical and mental wears suffered by the students during the movements are reported. From sleepless nights to violence - symbolic mainly, but also physical - perpetrated by opponents - colleagues, teachers, managers, parents and police - have generated attacks on the power of acting and the health of young people. However, even in such situations, it was possible to create spaces in which good encounters were produced: conversations, workshops, plays, social gatherings, political victories, etc. The students organized various moments of formation in the occupied schools: debates, lectures, workshops among others. The young people told that the relationships in which they were immersed during the occupations were fundamental for changes in their ways of thinking, feeling and acting. Apparently, rather than the teaching of a certain formal content, the concrete relations propitiated by the movements made possible the development of these students in significant spheres of their lives. The occupations created environments - physical and social - that favored the increase of power of acting, psychosocial democratization and multitudinous political praxis. An environment with these characteristics will be referred to as "potency field". It is intended that such concept becomes useful in psycho-political analyzes and practices in diverse contexts