A dimensão subjetiva da desigualdade social: um estudo de projetos de futuro de jovens ricos e pobres

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Melsert, Ana Luísa de Marsillac
• Orientador(a): Bock, Ana Mercês Bahia
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação: Psicologia da Educação
• Departamento: Psicologia
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Juventude; Projetos de vida; Exclusão social; Riqueza; Pobreza
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Youth; Life project; Social exclusion; Richness; Poverty
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO::PSICOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16069

This research investigated the subjective dimension of social inequality using life projects of rich and poor young people. We understand that the social inequalities of Brazil constitute a complex social phenomenon that must be investigated both on its objective (the distribution of wealth) and subjective dimensions. While investigating the latter dimension, we aim to highlight the presence of subjects that are not mere consequences of the unequal social reality; they constitute it and, at the same time, are constituted by it. Subjects that are constituted on unequal social totalities are subjectively configured on unequal ways. We worked with two groups of subjects that lived in the city of São Paulo: 18 rich young people that studied in a private school located in a neighborhood with low index of social exclusion; 23 poor young people that studied in a public school located in a neighborhood with high index of social exclusion. Each participant was asked to write two essays: the first one about his own life project; the second one about the life project of a young person from the other unequal social class. We also used a questionnaire in order to socioeconomically characterize each group. The life-project essays were taken as methodological tools used to capture the subjective dimension of social inequality - by comparing the two essays of each subject and by comparing the general results of each group. Guided by the theoretic-methodological pointof- view of the Socio-historical Psychology we tried to find elements of significance - sense e meaning - of young people about themselves, in the relation with other young people from the unequal social class, in a society characterized by socio-economical inequalities. In order to capture these elements of significance, after reading the essays we created categories based upon the themes that most frequently appeared on the writings of each group. We realized that the two groups differed concerning the participation of the young people in the world of work, and also by the level of instruction and occupation of their parents - characterizing unequal socio-economic classes. The order of the most frequent categories for both groups was: Work, College and Family, followed by Personal Effort for the poor young people, and by Social Relations for the rich. We realized that the social inequalities were naturalized by our subjects and justified by personal efforts or familiar heritage. We also found an emphasis on significances that valorize the way-of-life of the rich as a model to be followed, and a correlative depreciation of the social classes that are poor. Beyond the significances constituted upon the young people writings, we highlight that the subjective dimension of social inequality is configured on the silence of theses subjects about their unequal ones