Discurso político e retórica: atemporalidade e passionalidade

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Magri, Mariano
• Orientador(a): Ferreira, Luiz Antonio
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa
• Departamento: Faculdade de Filosofia, Comunicação, Letras e Artes
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Discurso político; Retórica; Paixões
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Political discourse; Rhetoric; Passions
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/39707

In recent years, we have seen a significant increase in the number of users on social networks. These networks, which, at first, would be relegated to the banalities of life, called the attention of practically all segments of society: education, health, transport, commerce, industry, in short, everyone saw in this means of communication a way of promoting their interests. In politics, it was no different. In the last two presidential elections in Brazil, candidates used and abused this tool to highlight their accomplishments and attack the image of their competitors, through approaches that fell into common sense and became a pot full of predicates used as ammunition in an ideological war and passionate. Given this scenario, this thesis proposes to investigate the main theories about politics, especially in the relationship between rulers and ruled, with the aim of answering two questions: i.) is it possible to find in political discourses, over time, any permanent practice in the communicative relationship between rulers and ruled? And ii.) is it possible to infer that the rulers appealed and still appeal to the use of passions, especially fear, to achieve adhesion outside the rational field, and hope, for offering itself as an antidote to fear? To achieve this purpose, we established the following specific objectives: a) identify and describe the theories to verify if any discursive pattern remained in time; b) reflect, under the assumptions of Rhetoric, if the speeches had an emotional appeal and if the use of fear and hope were present. As a theoretical contribution, we used the authors: Aristotle ([384-322 BC], 2013), Ferreira (2015), Meyer (2018), Mosca (1997), Tringali (2013), Perelman; Olbrechts-Tyteca (2000) and Le Breton (2009). The corpus consisted of twelve speeches divided into three for each of the historical periods: classic, medieval, modern and contemporary. Observations of the corpora are carried out based on three categories of analyses. The first has the objective of verifying whether the debates about politics coincide with the political practices of the respective times. The second looks at the communicative relationship between rulers and ruled. The third, and last, analyzes the incitement to fear and hope. The results point out that the theme of political speeches coincides with the theme of thought of political philosophers of their respective times and that the communicative relationship between rulers and ruled always occurs from the few (who decide) to the many (who follow), with the use passions, especially fear and hope as an argumentative strategy. Sometimes only with fear, sometimes only with hope, sometimes with the hope of an antidote to fear