Idade subjetiva e composição corporal em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas submetidas ao treinamento de força

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Nishimura, Alberto Mitsuo
• Orientador(a): Simões, Herbert Gustavo
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Católica de Brasília
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Stricto Sensu em Educação Física
• Departamento: Escola de Educação, Tecnologia e Comunicação
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Idade subjetiva; Treinamento de força; Composição corporal; Força de preensão manual; Pressão arterial
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Subjective age; Strength training; Body composition; Handgrip strength; Blood pressure
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Link de acesso: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/3545

Population aging is a global phenomenon that has brought challenges to the health and quality of life of elderly people. Subjective age (SA), which is an individual's perception of their own age, can be influenced by various factors, including physical and mental health, lifestyle, and physical exercise. People who feel younger than their chronological age usually exhibit better health markers, including a lower risk of mortality. Strength training (ST) can contribute to the improvement of muscle strength, functionality, body composition, bone density, and blood pressure levels, which can lead to a younger age perception. Therefore, ST can be an important strategy to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare body composition, muscle strength levels, and blood pressure in groups of middleaged and elderly women who had been performing ST for at least 7 years with a control group of untrained women (UT), and to correlate these variables with SA and subjective health perception. The sample consisted of 60 women, who were allocated to either the strength training group (ST, n = 30; 56.93 ±5.29 years; 63.53 ±8.75 kg with 7 years of training) or the untrained group (UT, n = 30; 56.87 ±4.74 years; 75.35 ±4.74 kg). Participants completed a questionnaire to obtain subjective and chronological age, self-perception of health, and happiness. Anthropometric evaluations such as weight, height, and BMI were performed, body composition was determined by skinfold measurements, and blood pressure was measured. Handgrip strength was also measured using a dynamometer. Statistical analyses included Levene's test, independent samples t-tests to compare variables between trained and untrained groups, and paired t-tests to compare chronological age with SA within groups. Pearson's correlation tests were applied to investigate possible associations between the studied variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results and comparisons between ST and UT for %G (24.38 ±4.68% vs 33.53 ±5.07%, p<0.05), lean mass (47.83 ±5.66 kg vs 49.45 ±7.69 kg, p<0.05), fat mass (15.69 ±4.50 kg vs 25.89 ±8.91 kg, p<0.05), BMI (24.29 ±2.93 vs 28.96 ±5.30 kg/m², p<0.05), handgrip strength (29.30 ±4.06 vs 26.35 ±4.28 kg, p<0.05), SBP (116.96 ±16.05 vs 123.75 ±13.06 mmHg, p<0.05), DBP (77.38 ±7.21 vs 80.97 ±10.38 mmHg, p<0.05), SA (39.80 ±8.47 vs 51.13 ±8.90 years, p<0.05), self-perception of health (4.23 ±0.67 vs 3,00 ±1.14, p<0.05), and happiness score (8.30 ±1.11 vs 7.40 ±2.09, p<0.05) indicate that ST positively impacted health and neuromuscular performance variables, and improved health perception and SA. In turn, SA was significantly correlated (p<0.05) with weight (r = 0.406), %G (r = 0.408), lean mass (r = 0.321), BMI (r = 0.390), and self-perceived health (r = -0.629) and happiness (r = -0.346). It is concluded that lifelong strength training improved the selfperception of age and health in middle-aged and elderly women. Compared to their untrained peers, these women had lower BMI and %body fat, reduced absolute fat mass, higher relative lean mass, higher happiness scores, and better health perception, all of which were significantly associated with a lower subjective age. In other words, the lower the BMI, %body fat and absolute fat mass, and the higher relative lean mass, the younger, happier, and healthier the women perceived themselves to be.