Financiamento eleitoral e pragmatismo democrático: as relações entre parlamentares e fontes de financiamento à luz da teoria comportamental

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Victor Riccely Lins
• Orientador(a): Cordeiro, Nefi
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Católica de Brasília
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Stricto Sensu em Direito
• Departamento: Escola de Humanidades, Negócios e Direito
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Financiamento eleitoral; Democracia pragmática; Análise comportamental; Relações de poder e dependência
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Power-dependence relations; Pragmatic democracy; Behavioral analysis; Electoral financing
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO
• Link de acesso: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2782

From an interdisciplinary approach, this work aims to analyze the relations between political representatives and campaign financiers in light of behavior-analytic theory, seeking to identify how the structure of electoral financing impacts the behavior of elected representatives. Drawing on the democratic pragmatism envisioned by Richard Posner, and anchored in concepts of behavioral psychology, the perspective proposed here allows us to examine the variables governing the behavior of politicians and electoral donors, so that any unwanted conduct can be analyzed not from the perspective of individual ethics, but rather from the dysfunctions in the architecture of the electoral system itself. In the next chapter, the impact of the judgment of Direct Action of Unconstitutionality nº 4650 by the Supreme Federal Court on the electoral financing system in force in the country is analyzed. Even after the ban on contributions from legal entities, the 2018 elections reveal that electoral revenues continued to play a decisive role in the competitiveness of candidacies for the position of federal deputy, but now with a critical difference: most campaigns are financed by public resources, coming from public funds, which, in turn, are in practice controlled by the party governing bodies. In this context, we begin to investigate, in the light of sociologist Richard Emerson's social exchange theory, how this new electoral financing structure affected the balance of power in the relationship between party leaders and congressmen, and its impact on the autonomy of lawmakers in legislative process. Furthermore, this significant power increase in the hands of party leaders was not considered or discussed by the Supreme Court during the trial of ADI 4650, which makes it an unanticipated consequence of that decision. In the end, the power balancing operations, created by Emerson, are used as a method to analyse regulatory mechanisms that guarantee a greater balance in the relationship between electoral financing sources and political representatives.