Composição corporal, quedas e desempenho funcional em idosos longevos comunitários: um enfoque sobre qualidade muscular e medidas antropométricas

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Amorim, Diane Nogueira Paranhos
• Orientador(a): Silva, Karla Helena Coelho Vilaça e
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Católica de Brasília
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Stricto Sensu em Gerontologia
• Departamento: Escola de Saúde e Medicina
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Composição corporal; Acidentes por quedas; Desempenho funcional; Idoso de 80 anos ou mais; Pesos e medidas corporais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Physical functional performance; Body weights and measures; Aged, 80 and over; Body composition; Accidental falls
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2811

Introduction: Changes in body composition in long lived elderly can lead to deleterious effects on functional performance, in addition to increasing the risk of falls. Despite the growing number of studies on long lived elderly people, research on these topics is scarce. Objective: to analyze the association of body composition with falls and functional performance in long-lived community-dwelling elderly. Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with elderly people aged 80 or over, from the city of Brasília (DF). Data on falls and other clinical data were collected through interviews. Weight, height and the following anthropometric measurements were performed: Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist/Height Ratio (WTHR). The handgrip strength was assessed, as well as the functional performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The participants underwent a body composition exam using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to assess the following variables: Body Fat Percentage (BF%) and Apendicular Lean Mass (ALM). Muscle quality (MQ) was calculated using the ratio between handgrip strength and ALM. For data analysis, a binomial logistic regression was performed to check the effects of independent variables on the probability of participants having a history of falls and having high functional performance. Results: 122 participants were included, 63.9% female and 36.1% male. Increased MQ was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of recurrent falls (OR=0,410, p=0,003). Recurrent fallers had a statistically lower MQ (p=0.001). The probability of high functional performance was higher in males (OR = 5.090, p = 0.02). Low functional performance was associated with females (ꭓ² (1) = 9.80, p = 0.002). Long lived elderly with high functional performance were older (p=0.003), of higher stature (p=0.002) and had lower values of WTHR (p=0.025) and BG% (p = 0.032) and higher values of ALM (p = 0.001) and handgrip strength (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In long lived elders, the increase in MQ seems to have a protective role, decreasing the likelihood of recurrent falls. There was an increase in the probability of high functional performance in males and low functional performance was associated with females Long lived elderly with high functional performance showed lower values of body fat measurements and higher values of muscle mass and strength. It is suggested to include the assessment of MQ and anthropometric measures in the routine assessment of long-lived people, as well as actions to prevent falls and functional decline aimed at increasing MQ and decreasing body fat measures.