EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS

Detalhes bibliográficos
Ano de defesa: 2018
Autor(a) principal: Santos, Fernanda Almeida lattes
Orientador(a): Miranda, João Marcelo Deliberador lattes
Banca de defesa: Não Informado pela instituição
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
Idioma: por
Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva (Mestrado)
Departamento: Unicentro::Departamento de Biologia
Unicentro::Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais
País: Brasil
Palavras-chave em Português:
Palavras-chave em Inglês:
Área do conhecimento CNPq:
Link de acesso: http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1263
Resumo: Bats are the only mammals that flying, and their wings shape may restrict or allow the exploration of environments and performing different ways of foraging modes. This shape variation may have been conserved within lineages or may be result of homoplasy. In this way the objective of this work was to analyze what most influenced the wing shape of the bats along the evolution, whether it was a morphological conservation in evolutionary history of the clades or a convergent selective process generating homoplasy. Were used photos of 121 individuals belonging to 22 species within 3 neotropical bat families (Vespertilionidae, Molossidae and Phyllostomidae). Geometric morphometry was used to extract information of wing shape from 11 anatomical landmarks were inserted in the images of left wings of each individual. Effects of position, size and orientation of the coordinates were eliminated through a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). A variance and covariance matrix was extracted from means for each species and then subjected to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A Chiroptera phylogeny was pruned to contain only species analyzed. Wing form phylogenetic history was then visualized projecting the phylogeny in the morphospace defined by the first two main components. Reconstruction of ancestral characters was performed using squaredchange parsimony method and phylogenetic signal was tested by permutation for shape and size data. Ordinary Least Square were used to test the relationship between body shape and size, space use and diet, using raw data and phylogenetic independent contrasts. The first two PCs represented 84.7% of all the variation in wing shape of the bats analyzed. PC1 presents a gradient ranging from more large wings on negative portion to narrower wings on the axis positive portion. PC2 presents a gradient from shorter and rounded wings on the axis negative portion and longer wings and triangular tips on positive portion. Wing shape presents a phylogenetic signal (p=0,0641), indicating that the morphology is closely linked to phylogenetic history of the species, but body size does not presented a phylogenetic signal. Ancestral characters reconstruction of wings form demonstrated Vespertilionidae as being closest to common ancestor. Molossidae had their wings narrowed, while in Phyllostomidae were widened compared to the common ancestor. Reconstruction of ancestral characters of size showed that most species maintained the same size pattern of the ancestral in common, with some variations occurring in Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. For the raw data, there was relation of the wing shape with the factors size (p=0,0425), space use (p=0,0391) and diet (p=0,0001), however, there was no relation using data without phylogenetic influence. Bats maintained a base of the ancestral wing's shape throughout the evolution, and this form was little influenced by factors such as size, diet and use of space.
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spelling Miranda, João Marcelo Deliberadorhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7830489812603265Costa, Marcelohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1247278692963354101.058.069-86http://lattes.cnpq.br/1626943983732942Santos, Fernanda Almeida2019-12-19T14:26:02Z2018-02-26Santos, Fernanda Almeida. EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS. 2018. 37 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva - Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava - PR.http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1263Bats are the only mammals that flying, and their wings shape may restrict or allow the exploration of environments and performing different ways of foraging modes. This shape variation may have been conserved within lineages or may be result of homoplasy. In this way the objective of this work was to analyze what most influenced the wing shape of the bats along the evolution, whether it was a morphological conservation in evolutionary history of the clades or a convergent selective process generating homoplasy. Were used photos of 121 individuals belonging to 22 species within 3 neotropical bat families (Vespertilionidae, Molossidae and Phyllostomidae). Geometric morphometry was used to extract information of wing shape from 11 anatomical landmarks were inserted in the images of left wings of each individual. Effects of position, size and orientation of the coordinates were eliminated through a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). A variance and covariance matrix was extracted from means for each species and then subjected to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A Chiroptera phylogeny was pruned to contain only species analyzed. Wing form phylogenetic history was then visualized projecting the phylogeny in the morphospace defined by the first two main components. Reconstruction of ancestral characters was performed using squaredchange parsimony method and phylogenetic signal was tested by permutation for shape and size data. Ordinary Least Square were used to test the relationship between body shape and size, space use and diet, using raw data and phylogenetic independent contrasts. The first two PCs represented 84.7% of all the variation in wing shape of the bats analyzed. PC1 presents a gradient ranging from more large wings on negative portion to narrower wings on the axis positive portion. PC2 presents a gradient from shorter and rounded wings on the axis negative portion and longer wings and triangular tips on positive portion. Wing shape presents a phylogenetic signal (p=0,0641), indicating that the morphology is closely linked to phylogenetic history of the species, but body size does not presented a phylogenetic signal. Ancestral characters reconstruction of wings form demonstrated Vespertilionidae as being closest to common ancestor. Molossidae had their wings narrowed, while in Phyllostomidae were widened compared to the common ancestor. Reconstruction of ancestral characters of size showed that most species maintained the same size pattern of the ancestral in common, with some variations occurring in Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. For the raw data, there was relation of the wing shape with the factors size (p=0,0425), space use (p=0,0391) and diet (p=0,0001), however, there was no relation using data without phylogenetic influence. Bats maintained a base of the ancestral wing's shape throughout the evolution, and this form was little influenced by factors such as size, diet and use of space.Os morcegos são os únicos mamíferos capazes de voar, e a forma de suas asas pode restringir ou permitir a exploração dos ambientes e a realização de diferentes modos de forrageio. A variação da forma e do tamanho das asas pode ter sido conservada dentro das linhagens ou pode ser resultado de homoplasia. Deste modo, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a maior influência na forma e no tamanho das asas dos morcegos ao longo da evolução, a conservação morfológica na história evolutiva ou um processo seletivo convergente resultando em homoplasia. Foram analisados 121 indivíduos de 22 espécies em três famílias de morcegos neotropicais (Vespertilionidae, Molossidae e Phyllostomidae). Foi utilizada a morfometria geométrica para analisar a forma alar a partir de 11 marcos anatômicos inseridos nas imagens da asa esquerda de cada indivíduo. Utilizou-se o tamanho do centroide das configurações como medida do tamanho dos espécimes. Eliminaram-se os efeitos de posição, tamanho e orientação das coordenadas por uma Análise Generalizada de Procrustes (GPA). Uma matriz de variância e covariância foi extraída das médias das coordenadas para cada espécie e foram submetidas à Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA). Uma filogenia de Chiroptera foi podada para conter somente as espécies analisadas. A história filogenética da forma alar foi visualizada projetando a filogenia no morfoespaço definido pelos dois primeiros componentes principais. A reconstrução dos caracteres ancestrais foi realizada utilizando o método squared-change parsimony, e o sinal filogenético foi testado por permutação para os dados de forma e de tamanho. Regressões Múltiplas por Quadrados Mínimos Ordinários foram utilizadas para testar a relação entre a forma e o tamanho corporal, o uso do espaço e a dieta, usando para isso os dados brutos e os contrastes filogenéticos independentes. Os dois primeiros PCs representaram 84,7% de toda a variação na forma alar dos morcegos analisados. O PC1 apresenta um gradiente que vai de asas mais largas na porção negativa, até asas mais estreitas na porção positiva do eixo. O PC2 apresenta um gradiente de asas mais curtas e arredondadas na porção negativa a asas mais longas e de pontas triangulares na porção positiva. A forma da asa apresentou sinal filogenético (p=0,0641), indicando que a morfologia está intimamente ligada à história evolutiva, porém, o tamanho corporal não apresentou sinal filogenético. A reconstrução dos caracteres ancestrais da forma alar apontou as espécies de Vespertilionidae como as mais semelhantes ao ancestral em comum. Molossidae apresentou espécies com asas estreitas, enquanto que em Phyllostomidae apresentaram asas largas em relação ao ancestral. A reconstrução dos caracteres ancestrais de tamanho demonstrou que a maioria das espécies manteve o padrão de tamanho do ancestral, ocorrendo variações em Vespertilionidae e Phyllostomidae. Para os dados brutos, houve relação da forma da asa com os fatores tamanho (p=0,0425), uso do espaço (p=0,0391) e dieta (p=0,0001), porém, quando retirada a autocorrelação filogenética essas relações não foram significativas. Os morcegos mantiveram a base da forma alar dos ancestrais ao longo da evolução, sendo que esta forma foi pouco influenciada por fatores como tamanho, dieta e uso do espaço.Submitted by Fabiano Jucá (fjuca@unicentro.br) on 2019-12-19T14:26:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernanda Almeida Santos.pdf: 1317010 bytes, checksum: 8b9d7ee91e7f74e89f10bc457349275a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-19T14:26:02Z (GMT). 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
title EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
spellingShingle EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
Santos, Fernanda Almeida
Chiroptera
Sinal filogenético
Morfometria Geométrica
História evolutiva
Filogenia
Chiroptera
Phylogenetic signal
Phylogeny
Geometric morphometrics
Evolutionary history
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA
title_short EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
title_full EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
title_fullStr EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
title_full_unstemmed EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
title_sort EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS
author Santos, Fernanda Almeida
author_facet Santos, Fernanda Almeida
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Miranda, João Marcelo Deliberador
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/7830489812603265
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Costa, Marcelo
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/1247278692963354
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv 101.058.069-86
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/1626943983732942
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Santos, Fernanda Almeida
contributor_str_mv Miranda, João Marcelo Deliberador
Costa, Marcelo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Chiroptera
Sinal filogenético
Morfometria Geométrica
História evolutiva
Filogenia
topic Chiroptera
Sinal filogenético
Morfometria Geométrica
História evolutiva
Filogenia
Chiroptera
Phylogenetic signal
Phylogeny
Geometric morphometrics
Evolutionary history
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Chiroptera
Phylogenetic signal
Phylogeny
Geometric morphometrics
Evolutionary history
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA
description Bats are the only mammals that flying, and their wings shape may restrict or allow the exploration of environments and performing different ways of foraging modes. This shape variation may have been conserved within lineages or may be result of homoplasy. In this way the objective of this work was to analyze what most influenced the wing shape of the bats along the evolution, whether it was a morphological conservation in evolutionary history of the clades or a convergent selective process generating homoplasy. Were used photos of 121 individuals belonging to 22 species within 3 neotropical bat families (Vespertilionidae, Molossidae and Phyllostomidae). Geometric morphometry was used to extract information of wing shape from 11 anatomical landmarks were inserted in the images of left wings of each individual. Effects of position, size and orientation of the coordinates were eliminated through a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). A variance and covariance matrix was extracted from means for each species and then subjected to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A Chiroptera phylogeny was pruned to contain only species analyzed. Wing form phylogenetic history was then visualized projecting the phylogeny in the morphospace defined by the first two main components. Reconstruction of ancestral characters was performed using squaredchange parsimony method and phylogenetic signal was tested by permutation for shape and size data. Ordinary Least Square were used to test the relationship between body shape and size, space use and diet, using raw data and phylogenetic independent contrasts. The first two PCs represented 84.7% of all the variation in wing shape of the bats analyzed. PC1 presents a gradient ranging from more large wings on negative portion to narrower wings on the axis positive portion. PC2 presents a gradient from shorter and rounded wings on the axis negative portion and longer wings and triangular tips on positive portion. Wing shape presents a phylogenetic signal (p=0,0641), indicating that the morphology is closely linked to phylogenetic history of the species, but body size does not presented a phylogenetic signal. Ancestral characters reconstruction of wings form demonstrated Vespertilionidae as being closest to common ancestor. Molossidae had their wings narrowed, while in Phyllostomidae were widened compared to the common ancestor. Reconstruction of ancestral characters of size showed that most species maintained the same size pattern of the ancestral in common, with some variations occurring in Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. For the raw data, there was relation of the wing shape with the factors size (p=0,0425), space use (p=0,0391) and diet (p=0,0001), however, there was no relation using data without phylogenetic influence. Bats maintained a base of the ancestral wing's shape throughout the evolution, and this form was little influenced by factors such as size, diet and use of space.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2018-02-26
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2019-12-19T14:26:02Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv Santos, Fernanda Almeida. EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS. 2018. 37 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva - Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava - PR.
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identifier_str_mv Santos, Fernanda Almeida. EVOLUÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA ALAR EM TRÊS FAMÍLIAS DE MORCEGOS NEOTROPICAIS. 2018. 37 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva - Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava - PR.
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