Tratamentos no cultivo e no pré-plantio de rebentos e de pós-colheita de raízes de mandioquinha-salsa

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Buso, Ellen Karine Roco Piffer de Medeiros
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Agrárias
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft); Plantio; Cultivo; Pós-colheita; Polímero; Óleo essencial; Resíduo orgânico; Propágulos; Enzima; Oxidantes.; Arracacia xanthorrhiza; Bleaching; Chitosan; Essential oil of lemongrass; Organic residues; Seedlings.; Ciências Agrárias; Agronomia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1167

The arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) is a vegetable originate in the Colombian Andes, has been introduced in Brazil by 1900. The lack of grafts is a limiting factor to the expansion of arracacha cultivation, the need for high-volume is costly and difficult to obtain. The objectives of this study were to provide post-harvest treatments of roots, which allow a greater longevity of storage and pre-planting treatments of shoots, used in arracacha propagating. So, the present study was displayed in separate chapters: a laboratory phase and a field phase. In the first chapter it was evaluated the physiological changes of roots and shoots of arracacha, in response to different post-harvest treatments with natural products. Arracacha roots and shoots were obtained from plants grown with different forms of manure addition (without manure, manure coverage, manure incorporated and manure coverage plus manure incorporated-CO + IN). The roots were treated by bleaching and lemongrass essential oil, in a completely randomized split-plot (five evaluation periods) and three replications, arranged in a factorial 3 x 4. The shoots were treated with chitosan, lemongrass essential oil, lemongrass essential oil plus chitosan, arranged as factorial 4 x 4 in a completely randomized design with split plot in time (four evaluation times) and three replications. In roots evaluated following parameters: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, carotenoid, phenolic compounds, activity of catalase, ß-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase, at 0, 39, 78, 117 and 156 storage days. The shoots evaluated parameters were: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolic compounds, activity of catalase, ß-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase, at 0, 30, 60 and 90 storage days. The roots of arracacha obtained from plants grown without chicken manure addition and bleached in post-harvest were those who better maintained their chemical characteristics, for a period of 156 days of storage at -18°C. The shoots obtained from plants grown in soil with chicken manure on soil surface and post-harvest treated with chitosan + lemongrass essential oil maintained their chemical quality over a 90 days period of storage at 5°C. In the second chapter, the objectives were to characterize the growth and productivity of some morphological components of arracacha plant 'Yellow of Carandaí', propagated shoots treated before storage with natural products [Control, Chitosan (1.5%), Lemongrass essential oil-OCL (0.05%) and chitosan (1.5%) + OCL (0.05%)] and obtained from plants grown in soil-S with different chicken manure-CF addiction [Cover-C (10 t ha-1), incorporated-I (10 t ha-1), coverage (5 t ha-1) + incorporated (5 t ha-1)-CI and without manure]. The treatments were arranged as a 4x4 factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. The parameters evaluated per plant every 30 days during the crop cycle, were height, diameter canopy and girth, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. The crop was harvested 240 days after planting, when evaluated fresh mass of leaves, shoots, crowns, commercial roots (greater than 25 g) and non-commercial roots (less than 25 g and the spoiled). It was concluded that plants arracacha 'Yellow of Carandaí' showed linear increase with increases directly related to the day of the vegetative cycle, except for the diameter of the canopy, that grew quadratic and dependent on individual factors. For highest yield of commercial roots and shoots in a balanced way, shall be used for propagation of seedlings cultivated in soil with addition of manure chicken coverage + incorporated and without pre-treatment storage.