Sistemas caprinos ecologicamente intensivos e inclusão de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos do óleo de soja nas rações de cabras em pastejo

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Ludmila Couto
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Agrárias
• Palavras-chave em Português: Leite de cabra; Ração; Ácidos graxos; Lipídeos; Alimentação; Gordura protegida; Rumen; Agroecologia; Comportamento ingestivo animal; Cabras em pastejo; N-Alcanos; Brasil.; Goat milk; Feed; Fatty acids; Lipids; Alimentation; Protected fat; Agroecology; Animal feeding behavior; Goats grazing; N-alkanes; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1626

This paper presents two areas of animal science, one on the animal production system and other one on the nutrition and ruminant production. Therefore the thesis divided into two parts: the first on goat production systems and the second on the performance of dairy goats. PART I - Promoting the development of farming systems towards more sustainable forms, in particular maintaining production without harming the environment, means being able to analyse these systems in their complexity and dynamic, at the same time providing the means to assess their ecological intensification. Thus, a study have done on the diversity of goat farming systems (GFS) in Livradois- Forez, France. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 farmers, a sample selected to cover the diversity of livestock forms in this territory. The operation of livestock systems was analyzed by looking at the system configurations and the combination of management practices. The place of the goat system within the family farm?s long term trajectory was also analysed. To assess the ecological intensification in GFS, the five agroecology principles were mobilized for the design of sustainable livestock systems. Its approach application was presented and illustrated with a case study. The interest of understanding the diversity of livestock forms was showed and was identifed what promotes or limits the development of these systems into more ecologically-intensive forms. PART II ? The inclusion of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) in the diet of ruminants may be an alternative to increase system productivity. Five multiparous Saanen goats, with five years old and four primiparous Saanen goats, with tree years old were used, to assess the effects of CSFA on intake, digestibility, blood biochemical composition, grazing behaviour and milk production, also five crossbred Boer x Saanen goats, rumen fistulated were used to assess CSFA effects on xi the parameters of rumen.The addition de CSFA on concentrated diets of lactating Saanen goats does not limit the dry matter intake. However, for the multiparous goats, the energy values of diets can be influenced by the level of CSFA. Thus, the addition of CSFA can be used as an alternative to fed multiparous or primiparous Saanen goats in the grassland without drastic changes in the grazing behaviour and blood biochemical compostion, the milk yield, milk composition and milk quality. However the addition of CSFA had a little effect on fatty acids composition. Also, the pH and ammonia N concentration in the rumen had a linear effect with the calcium salts of fatty acids addition, and there was a quadratic effect for hours after feeding. And the no effect was observed for volatile fatty acids molar proportions in rumen fluid after grazing of goats fed by experimental diets.