Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular de variedades crioulas e cultivares de feijão-caupi em cultivo orgânico

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Diniz, Lidiane Rodrigues
• Orientador(a): Correa, Elida Barbosa
• Banca de defesa: Nascimento, Luciana Cordeiro do , Melo, Alberto Soares de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual da Paraíba
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias - PPGCA
• Departamento: Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa - PRPGP
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vigna unguiculata; Feijão-caupi; Marcadores moleculares; Estresse biótico; Estresse abiótico
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.uepb.edu.br/handle/123456789/75430

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) has high nutritional value and socioeconomic importance, mainly in developing countries, being food based and contributing to the permanence of man in the field. The choice of locally adapted, productive varieties with resistance to pests and diseases is a crucial factor for good agricultural productivity. Local varieties are selected in the agroecosystem of cultivation by farmers according to their productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study is to characterize morphoagronomically and molecularly; and to evaluate the resistance to pests and diseases of cultivars and local varieties of cowpea in two municipalities in the state of Paraíba. Eight genotypes of cowpea were used, being five local varieties (Verde Ligeiro, Semper Verde, Cariri, Azul and Corujinha) and three cultivars developed by Embrapa (BRS Pajeú, BRS Novaera and BRS Guariba). The trials were conducted in the municipalities of Lagoa Seca (Campus II of the UEPB) and Esperança (Advice of Technical Assistance in Alternative Agriculture - AS-PTA). The qualitative morphoagronomic data evaluated were: growth habit (GH), flower color (CF), seed form (SF), seed color (SC) and mature pod color (MPC). The quantitative data evaluated were number of days for flowering (NDF), mass of 100 seeds (M100S), pod length (PL), pod width (PW), number of pods (PN), number of seeds per pod (NSP), seed mass per plant (SMP) and yield (YIE). Four readings were performed for analysis of plant height (PH), plant width (PW), number of main stem nodes (NSN), stem diameter (SD) and leaf area (LA). The incidence and severity of pests and diseases were evaluated throughout the production cycle. In the municipality of Esperança a quantitative complementary evaluation of the stud ied genotypes was carried out, through a participatory evaluation with the farmers. There are morphoagronomic variability among the eight genotypes of cowpea tested. With the exception of BRS-Guariba, the variable number of seeds per pod is influenced by the environment among the genotypes. The variety Corujinha, cultivars BRS-Pajeú and BRS- Guariba obtained greater resistance to powdery mildew.The cultivars BRS-Novaera and BRS- Guariba present good average values for pod number, but low average values for number of seeds per pod. The cultivar BRS-Novaera had high infestation of bed bugs. The cultivar BRS-Novaera has high susceptibility to powdery mildew and cercosporiosis. The results of the participative qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the farmers are correlated with those from the research for the parameters evaluated growth habit, plant height, and size of pods. As for molecular analysis, 43 oligonucleotide ISSRs (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) were tested, among which eleven were selected for the molecular analyzes, since they generated clear and consistent fragments. ISSR markers contributed to genetic differentiation and the dendrogram generated by UPGMA separated the genotypes into two genotypic groups by the polymorphic profile. The highest value of genetic similarity occurred among the genotypes of Sempre Verde and Verde Ligeiro, being the most genetically similar. As the Sempre Verde and Verde Ligeiro varieties were those that presented the least distance between them, it indicates a possible narrow genetic base. The data were interpreted as qualiquantitative for morphoagronomic and qualitative binary characters for molecular markers. It is concluded that the genotypes Corujinha, BRS-Pajeú e Azul have greater productivity and resistance to pests and diseases in the conditions studied in the present work.