Produção do inhame Dioscorea cayennensis Lam. na agricultura familiar: análises comparativas da produtividade e qualidade das túberas

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Soares, Junior Viegas
• Orientador(a): Almeida, Hermes Alves de
• Banca de defesa: Oliveira, Mônica Danielly de Mello , Pereira, Daniel Duarte
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual da Paraíba; 24004014012P5
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias - PPGCA
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBS
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: agricultura de sequeiro; agricultura tradicional; tubérculo; nematoide
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.uepb.edu.br/handle/123456789/77229

Yam Dioscorea cayennensis Lam. is predominantly cultivated in a rainfed system by family farmers with limited access to technology. In light of this, a scientific study was conducted to quantify the production and quality of tubers under rainfed conditions in Aldeia Taépe, located in the geographical area of Rio Tinto, PB. These were the main objectives, with the following specific objectives: a) to evaluate the productivity and quality of tubers in treatments with organic and chemical fertilization; b) to compare the levels of incidence of nematode symptoms; c) to classify the tubers as first-grade, second-grade, and small yams; and d) to establish water use efficiency (rainfall). Using a series of monthly rainfall data from the locality of Mataraca, PB, the rainfall regime and rainy season were established, with daily, experimental, and monthly monitoring for 2023, along with water use efficiency and other relationships with production. Yam planting was carried out in April 2023, using seed tubers in ridges, spaced 1.20 x 0.60 m, with plots consisting of three rows measuring 4.2 m in length and 3.6 m in width. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four treatments and five repetitions: a) 1 kg of bovine manure per hole; b) 3 kg of manure per linear meter; c) chemical fertilization; and d) control (without fertilization). The tuber length, diameter, number of tubers per plant, tubers with nematode symptoms, and classification into first-grade, second-grade, and small yams were quantified. Statistical variance analyses of the experimental data were performed using F and Tukey tests with R software, while other calculations, including the preparation of graphs and tables, were done using Excel spreadsheets. The main results indicated the need to establish the local rainfall regime in order to predict the best planting time and other physiological stages. Continuous rainfall and high relative humidity in winter favor leaf blight and reduce the size of commercial tubers. There is a differentiated water requirement at various physiological stages, and the appearance of dry branches is an indication of tuber maturation. There was no significant difference in quantitative tuber characteristics in relation to the treatments, although length was greater in the chemical fertilization treatment and smaller in the bovine manure treatment. Rainfall use efficiency was higher in the chemical fertilization treatment, with linear growth as a function of the sequence of treatments. The incidence of nematodes differed significantly between treatments, although tuber quality was statistically significant in relation to the fertilization treatments. The recommendation is to use 1 kg of bovine manure per hole, as it resulted in lower nematode incidence compared to the 3 kg per linear meter dosage.